Qs1 Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
Embryo origin of tissue just proximal to pectinate line
A
Endoderm
2
Q
Embryo origin of tissue distal to anal canal
A
Surface ectoderm
3
Q
ACE inhibitor teratogenic effect
A
Renal abnormalities
4
Q
Aminoglycosides teratogenic effect
A
Ototoxicity
5
Q
Diethylstilbesterol teratogenic effect
A
Clear cell adenocarcinoma in vagina
6
Q
Tetracycline teratogenic effect
A
Teeth discoloration
7
Q
Valproic acid teratogenic effect
A
Neural tube defects
8
Q
Which vitamin should not be supplemented in excess during pregnancy?
A
Vit A
Causes cleft palate, cardiac defects
9
Q
What are nuclear localization signals necessary?
A
Allow protein to enter nucleus
10
Q
Which cyclin complexes are involved in G1 -> S
A
Cyclin D + CDK4
Cyclin E + CDK2
11
Q
Which cyclin complexes are involved in G2 -> M
A
Cyclin A + CDK2
Cyclin B + CDK1
12
Q
What does golgi add to proteins to direct them to lysosomes?
A
Mannose-6-phosphate
13
Q
Which AAs are found in the nuclear localization signal?
A
Lys, arg, pro
14
Q
Most common cause of intellectual disability in infants
A
FAS
15
Q
Where do Rb and p53 regulate the cell cycle?
A
G1 -> S
16
Q
Organogenesis takes place during which weeks?
A
3-8
17
Q
What provides structural framework for DNA in the nuclear envelope?
A
Nuclear laminins
18
Q
What is deficient in I-cell disease
A
Phosphotransferase
tags enzymes with mannose-6-phosphate
19
Q
AA derivative: increased bronchial tone
A
Leukotrienes, thromboxane
20
Q
AA derivative: decreased bronchial tone
A
Prostaglandins, prostacycline
21
Q
AA derivative: decreased platelet aggregation
A
Prostacycline
22
Q
AA derivative: Increased uterine tone
A
PGE2, PGF2a
23
Q
AA derivative: decreased uterine tone
A
Prostacycline
24
Q
AA derivative: Increased vascular tone
A
Thromboxane
25
AA derivative: Decreased vascular tone
Prostaglandins, prostacycline
26
2 most abundant substances in the plasma membrane
proteins
| phospholipids
27
Stages of Conception -> Inner cell mass
Zygote -> morula -> blastocyst (contains inner cell mass)
28
What drugs interfere with microtubules?
| Microtubules Get Constructed Very Poorly
```
Mebendazole
Griseofulvin
Colchicine
Vinchristine/Vinblastine
Paclitxel
```
29
Which cell types constantly recycle due to absent G0 and short G1?
Skin, hair, bone marrow
30
Apoptosis characteristic features
Shrinkage, fragmentation, fading, apoptotic bodies, membrane blebbing
31
What triggers apoptosis?
```
Growth factor deprivation
Cell stress
DNA repair failure
Cytokines
Cytotoxic T cells
```
32
Neural crest derivatives in PNS
ANS, drg, CNs, Schwann cells
33
Neural crest derivatives in ear
Middle ear bones
34
Neural crest derivatives in eye
Anterior chamber
35
Neural crest derivatives in Adrenal gland
Chromaffin cells in medulla
36
Neural crest derivatives in mouth
Odontoblasts
37
Neural crest derivatives in heart
aorticopulmonary (spiral) septum
38
Neural crest derivatives in digestive
Enteric nervous system, celiac ganglion, enterochromaffin cells
39
Neural crest derivatives in thyroid
Parafollicular cells (C cells)
40
Neural crest derivatives in skin
Melanocytes
41
Cytokine imporant for granuloma formation
TNF-a
42
Mediator of acute inflammation
Neutrophils
43
Mediator of chronic inflammation
Monocytes + macrophages
44
Protein that transports endocytosed vesicle to endosome
Clathrin
45
Metals that facilitate generation of O2 free radicals
Iron and copper
46
AAs in collagen
Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline
47
AAs in elastin
Glycine, proline
48
Role of Vit C in collagen production
hydroxylation of lysine and proline
49
Chediak-Higashi (path)
Ineffective lysosomes of phagocytes
50
High cholesterol in plasma membrane causes
decreased fluidity
| increased melting temp
51
Antibiotic association: Tendonitis
Fluoroquinolones
52
Antibiotic association: Red man
Vancomycin
53
Antibiotic association: Gray baby
Chloramphenicol
54
Antibiotic association: Cartilage in children
Fluoroquinolones
55
Antibiotic association: Nephrotox with cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides
56
Antibiotic association: Ototoxicity with loop diuretics
Amingoglycosides
57
Antibiotic association: Pseudomembranous collitis
Clindamycin, ampicillin
58
Gonorrhea DOC
Ceftriaxone
59
Lime disease or Rocky Mountain DOC
Tetracyclines
60
Giardia lamblia DOC
Metronidazole
61
MRSA and C difficile collitis
Vancomycin
62
Tx for Gram - rods with renal insufficiency
Aztreonam
63
Big Gun: Gram + cocci, Gram - rods, anaerobes
Meropenem; or
| Imipenem with cilastatin
64
Prophylaxis in AIDS agains P pneumonia
TMP-SMX; or
| Dapsone then pentamidine
65
Solo prophylaxis against TB
Isoniazid
66
Antibiotics safe during pregnancy
```
Penicillins (+ aminopenicillins)
Piperacillin
Cephalosporins
Macrolides (erythromycin, azithromycin)
Metronidazole (after 1st trimester)
Nitrofurantoin (UTIs)
```
67
Hesselbach's Triangle borders
Inferior epigastric artery
Lateral border of rectus abdominus
Inguinal ligament
68
RLS of purine synthesis
Glutamine PRPP amidotransferase
69
RLS of pyrimidine synthesis
CPS II
70
What inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (pyr synth)
Hydroxyurea (sickle cell and cancer)
71
What inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (pyr synth)
TMP, methotrexate
72
Inhibits thymidylate synthase (pyr synth)
5-FU
73
Inhibits IMP dehydrogenase (pur synth)
Mycophenolate (immunosupressant)
74
Inhibitis PRPP amidotransferase (pur synth)
6-MP
75
Orotic aciduria triad
Orotic acid in urine, failure to thrive, megaloblastic anemia (not helped with B12+folate)(normal ammonia)
76
Antibiotic Association: inhibits 23s, which is within the 50s peptitidyltransferase
Chloramphenicol
77
Antibiotic Association: Blocks 50s, blocking initation?
| What binds here later, blocking translocation?
Linezolid
Macrolides (Azithromycin, erythromycin) Lincocimides (lincomycin, clindamycin) Streptogramins
78
Antibiotic Association: Binds 30s preventing initiation?
| Also what binds here later, blocking tRNA attachment to A site?
Aminoglycosides
| Tetracyclines
79
Antibiotic Association: inhibits prokaryotic RNA polymerase
Rifampin
80
Antibiotic Association: inhibits prokaryotic topoisomerase
Fluoroquinolones
81
Antibiotic Association: inhibitis prokaryotic dihydrofolate reductase
Trimethoprim
82
Different causes of post-op fever
| Wind, water, wound, walking, wonder drugs
Pneumonia, UTI, wound infection, DVT
83
Eukaryotic DNA replication
| DNA polymerase alpha
Builds okazaki frags on lagging strand
| Makes own primer
84
DNA polymerase delta
Eukaryotic DNA replication
| Builds leading strand
85
DNA polymerase beta
Eukaryotic DNA replication
| DNA repair
86
DNA polymerase gamma
Euk DNA replication
| Mitchondrial DNA replication
87
Organisms tx by Tetratcyclines
| VACUUM THE BEDROOM
```
Vibro Cholera
Acne
Chlamydia
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Tularemia
H. pylori
Borrelia burgdorferi
Rickettsiae rickettsii
```
88
Organisms treated by Macrolides
| PUS
Pneumoniaes (atypical)
URIs (group a strep)
STDs (gonorrhea, chlamydia)
89
Organisms treated by 2nd gen Cephalosporins
| HEN PEcKS
```
H. flu
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Serratia
(and gram + cocci)
```
90
BP of pregnant woman (3rd trimester) drops when supine, what's up?
Uterus compression of IVC
91
Drugs to reverse neuromuscular blockade?
Cholinesterase inhibitors (neostigimine)
92
3 Rs of Rifampin
Rifampin
Inhibits RNA polymerase
Red secretions (tears, sweat)
Revs of cytochrome p450 (induces)
93
What regulates Lac operon transcription?
CAP: allows RNA polymerase to bind to DNA and transcribe B-galactosidase gene (only binds if glucose absent)
Lac Repressor: Prevents RNA polymerase from binding to DNA (bound to operator region unless lactose is present)
94
What conditions cause the Lac operon to be switched on?
Glucose absent
| Lactose present
95
Common causes of meningitis
| in newborns
Group B strep
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes
96
Common causes of meningitis in 6m-6y
Strep pneumo (bacterial)
Neisseria meningitidis
H. influenzae
Enteroviruses (aseptic)
97
Common causes of meningitis in 6-60y
Strep pneumo
Neisseria meningitidis
Enteroviruses
HSV
98
Common causes of meningitis in 60y+
Strep pneumo
Gram - rods
Listeria monocytogenes
99
Dantroline MOA
Prevents release of Ca from Sarc Retic of skeletal muscle
100
NE reuptake inhibitors
Cocaine
| TCAs
101
What elongation factors are required for translocation in proks and euks?
Prok: EFG
Euk: EF2
102
What inhibits EF2?
```
Diptheria toxin
Exotoxin A (pseudomonas)
```
103
What enzyme matches amino acids to tRNA?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
104
Boot shaped heart
RVH -> Tetralogy of Fallot
105
Tendon xanthomas
Familial hypercholesterolemia
106
Cafe-au-lait spots
NF1, McCune-Albright
107
Tuberous sclerosis triad
Seizures
Intellectual disability
Angiofibromas
108
What cell type proliferates during lung damage?
Type II pneumocytes
109
Most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
Thyroidectomy
110
Most common cause of metastatic disease to brain
| Lots of bad stuff kills brain
Lung and Breast
Skin (melanoma)
Kidney (RCC)
GI tract tumors
111
Most common cause of lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher
112
Most common cause of myocarditis
Coxsackievirus, echovirus
113
What amniotic fluid measurement is indicative of fetal lung maturity?
Lecithin-sphingomyelin ration > 2.0
114
What stimulates NE release from neurons?
Ca
Amphetamines
Ephedrine
Tyramine
115
Zoonotic bacteria: cat scratch fever
Bartonella
116
Zoonotic bacteria: recurrent fever from variable surface antigens
Borrelia recurrentis
117
Zoonotic bacteria: bloody diarrhea
Campylobacter
118
Zoonotic bacteria: tularemia
Francisella tularensis (rabbits)
119
Zoonotic bacteria: cellulitis and osteomyelitis from cat/dog bites
Pasturella multocida
120
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
```
Ipsi UMN signs below lesion
Ipsi DC loss of info below lesion
Contra pain/temp loss 2-3 segments below lesion
Ipsi pain/tem loss at level of lesion
LMN signs (flaccid paralysis)
```
121
Drug prevents release of Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscles
Dantrolene
122
Pregnant, dark pigment on face?
Melasma
123
What organism typically causes mastitis?
S. aureus
124
50 y o Smoker develops new cough + flu sx. Gram stain shows nothing, silver stain shows gram - rods
Legionella pneumophila
