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Qs3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Focal myocardial inflammation with multinucleate giant cells

A

Rheumatic fever

Aschoff bodies

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2
Q

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic globules in liver near nucleus

A

Alcoholic liver disease

Mallory bodies

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3
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Bronchial asthma

Curschmann’s spirals

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4
Q

Onion-skin periosteal reaction

A

Ewing sarcoma of bone

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5
Q

Pseudopalisading tumor cell arrangement

A

Glioblastoma

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6
Q

Elevelated serum uric acid (4)

A

Gout
Lesch-Nyhan
Myeloproliferative disorders
Diuretics

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7
Q

Decreased NADPH due to lack of HMP enzyme

A

G6PD deficiency

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8
Q

Inherited defect in tubular amino acid transporter

A

Cystinuria

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9
Q

Deficiency in homogentistic acid oxidase

A

Alkaptonuria

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10
Q

Blocked degradation of branched chain amino acid

A

Maple syrup urine disease

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11
Q

Derivatives of 3 branchial arch

A 
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
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12
Q

Myasthenia Gravis pharm tx?

A 
Acteylcholinesterase inhibitors
(pyridostigmine, physostigmine)
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13
Q 
What type are these anti-arrhythmics?
Sotalol
Propanolol
Bretylium
Quinidine
A

Sotalol III
Propanolol II
Bretylium III
Quinidine I

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14
Q

Headache + Visual disturbance + Amenorrhea

A

Pituitary adenoma

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15
Q

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, low plasma renin. Dx and tx?

A 
Primary aldosteronism (Conn's)
Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)
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16
Q

How does the brain use ketone bodies?

A

Ketone body metabolized to 2 acetyl-coA molecules for use in TCA cycle

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17
Q

Derivatives of 4th and 6th branchial arches

A

Muscles: Cricothyroid, levator veli palatini, larynx
Nerves: Vagus (recurrent/superior laryngeal)

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18
Q

Pan/holosystolic best heard at the apex, radiates to left axilla

A

MItral regurgitation

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19
Q

Crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur, best in the 2nd-3rd right interspace near the sternum

A

Aortic stenosis

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20
Q

Late systolic preceded by mid-systolic click

A

Mitral prolapse

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21
Q

Early diastolic decrescendo murmur, best along the left side of the sternum

A

Pulmonic regurgitation

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22
Q

Late diastolic decrescendo heard best along left sternum

A

Tricuspid stenosis

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23
Q

Heart disorder: Chromosome 22q11 deletion

A

Truncus arteriosus and tetrology of fallot

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24
Q

Heart disorder: Congenital rubella

A

PDA or pulmonary artery stenosis

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25
Heart disorder: Turner syndrome
Coarctation of aorta | Bicuspid aortic valve
26
Heart disorder: Marfan syndrome
Aortic insufficiency
27
Micro organism: Inactivates EF-2 (2 orgs)
Cornyebacterium diptheriae | Pseudomonas (exotoxin A)
28
Micro: Activates Gs (2 orgs)
Vibribo cholerae | E. coli (ETEC heat labile toxin)
29
Micro: Disables Gi
Pertussis toxin
30
Micro: Bacterial adenylate cyclase
Bacillus anthracis
31
Micro: Blocks GABA and glycine
Clostridium tetani
32
What drug is used to dx Mysasthenia Gravis?
Edrophonium
33
Dilated congestive heart failure, you'd hear:
S3 heart sound
34
Chronic HTN and stiffend LV, you'd hear:
S4 heart sound
35
Jugular venous waves: what gives rise to A, C, V
A: Atrial contraction C: Ventricular contraction V: Atrial filling against a closed tricuspid valve
36
Heart murmur associated with weak pulses?
Aortic stenosis
37
What are benign heart sounds (if no other evidence)?
Slit S1 Split S2 on inspiration S3, pt <40 Early, quiet systolic ejection murmur
38
What organisms do not gram stain?
``` Treponema Rickettsia Chlamydia Legionella Mycoplasma Mycobacteria ```
39
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy mutation?
Deletion of dystrophin | Degeneration of individual muscle fibers
40
Rumbling late diastolic murmur with an opening snap
Mitral stenosis
41
Pansystolic along left lower sternal border, radiates to right lower sternal border
Tricuspid regurgitation or | VSD
42
High pitched diastolic murmur with widened pulse pressure
Aortic regurgitation
43
Crescendo/decrescendo at the 2nd-3rd left interspace
Pulmonic stenosis
44
Which antiarrythmic has that side effect of cinchonism?
Quinidine
45
Necessary stain for Cryptococcus PCP Chlamydia
India ink Silver stain Giemsa stain
46
What the acute phase cytokines?
IL-1 IL-6 TNF-a
47
What is used to treat Parkinson's
``` BALSA Bromocriptine (Dopamine receptor agonists) Amantadine Levodopa (or carbadopa) Selegiline Antimuscarinics (benztropine) ```
48
Tumor markers for pancreatic cancer?
CA 19-9 and CEA CEA also high in gastric and colon cancer
49
What and where are the 2 nervous segments in the GI system?
Meissner's plexus in the submucosa Auerbach's (myenteric) plexus in the outer musclaris externa
50
What diseases damage the anterior horn?
Polio West nile virus ALS
51
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Sarcoidosis
52
Abdominal aortic aneurysm most commonly due to what?
Smoking | Atherosclerosis
53
What is and causes Pulsus Paradoxus?
Systolic blood pressure drops by >10 mmHg during inspiration | Caused by asthma, COPD, cardiac tamponade
54
Who must avoid fluoroquinolones?
Children and pregnant women | joint and cartilage toxicity
55
How is hnRNA processed before it leaves the nucleus?
add 5' cap and poly-A tail Splice out introns (yields mRNA)
56
4 year old girl with vaginal discharge clear; N. gonnorhea
Childhood sexual abuse
57
Most common causes of Cushing syndrome
Exogenous steroid use Ectopic ACTH secretion ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma Adrenal tumor that secretes cortisol
58
Treatment for nephrogenic DI?
Hydrochorathiazide Amiloride Indomethacin
59
How do acidosis and alkalosis affect extracellular potassium?
Acidosis: increased extracellular K Alkalosis: decreased extracellular K
60
Characteristic sequence of a promoter region? What if mutation?
TATA box CAAT box Mutation: Decreased transcripton of gene
61
Vaginal discharge: physiologic and pathologic pH?
Low pH: Physiologic, Candida | High pH: Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella, Mobiluncus), Trichomonas
62
What cell wall inhibitor is used for otitis media 2nd to amoxicillin?
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid
63
What cell wall inhibitor is used for prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis?
Penicillin V
64
What cell wall inhibitor increases the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides?
Cephalosporins
65
Cell wall inhibitor- treatment of syphilis?
Penicillin G
66
Cell wall inhibitor- single-dose tx of gonnorrhea?
Ceftriaxone
67
4 phases of Drug Development
1: Is it safe? 2: Does it work? 3: Does it work better 4: Post-market surverilance
68
Commom causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy
``` Bulk up cardio tissue: Sarcoidosis Amyloidosis Hemochromatosis Loeffler's disease Endocardial fibroelastosis Post-radiation fibrosis ```
69
Change that occurs in a smoker's trachea?
Columnar to squamous metaplasia
70
Tall thin teenage male with dyspnea and left sided chest pain. Percussion: Hyper-reasonance Diminished breath sounds
Spontaneous pneumothorax
71
Which ECG leads show ischemia in an inferior wall MI?
II, III, aVF
72
Pt presents with tinitus, dizziness, headaches, GI distress. What drug is causing these symptoms?
Cinchonism | caused by quinine or quinidine
73
Testicular tumor composed of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts
Choriocarcinoma
74
Testicular tumor with initial gynecomastia
Leydig cell tumor | or sertoli; rare
75
Testicular tumor with elevated a-feta protein
Yolk sac tumor
76
Testicular tumor with elevated B-hCG
Choriocarcinoma | Embryonal carcinoma
77
Testicular tumor with cytoplasmic clearing on histo
Seminoma
78
Testicular tumor with alveolar or tubular appearance, maybe papillary convolutions
Embryonal carcinoma
79
Testicular tumor composed of multiple tissue types
Teratoma
80
Testicular tumor with histologic endodermal sinus structures (Schiller-Duval bodies)
Yolk sac tumor
81
Testicular tumor; 25% have cytoplasmic rod-shaped crystalloids of Reinke
Leydig cell tumor
82
Testicular tumor; androgen-producing, associated with precocious puberty
Leydig cell tumor | or sertoli
83
What organism is implicated in balanitis? | swelling of the foreskin ;(
Candida albicans
84
What cells respond to FSH?
Granulosa cells
85
2 Cell estradiol theory?
Theca cells make androstenedione | Granulosa cells convert it to estradiol
86
Target cells of LH?
Theca cells
87
What ovarian tumor is estrogen-secreting, causes precocious puberty
Granulosa theca cell tumor
88
What ovarian tumor produces a-fetaprotein?
Yolk sac tumor | aka endodermal sinus tumor
89
What ovarian tumor has psammoma bodies?
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
90
What ovarian tumor intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material?
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
91
What ovarian tumor is testosterone-secreting; virilization?
Sertoli-leydig cell tumor

DIT Qs (3 decks)

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