Flashcards in QUAL AND QUAN Deck (13)
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1
test and analyze materials and the materials' properties
analytical chemists
2
carried out by the analytical chemist to IDENTIFY the substance (figure out which element, ion, and/or compound is present)
qualitative analysis
3
carried out by the analytical chemist to determine the AMOUNT of a substance in a material
quantitative analysis
4
make new and improved materials
synthetic chemists
5
uses the solubility rules to pull the ion of interest out of solution as a solid. then, the mass of the precipitate formed is measured and used to calculate MASS of unknown ion in the precipitate
gravimetric analysis
6
uses the VOLUME (mL) of a substance of a KNOWN concentration (molarity = moles per liter) to calculate the MASS of another substance
volumetric analysis
7
change color in response to pH movement and visually shows the experimenter that the reaction has run to completion
indicators
8
common laboratory technique used in volumetric analysis
titration
9
the point at which the indicator visually changes color to visually show when all of the unknown substance has been fully consumed by the reaction (reaction stops)
the end point
10
3 Ways to Determine the Presence of a Species
- Indicators
- Precipitation reactions
- Solution color changes
11
Acid Rain in a Bag
- Center well: copper + nitric acid produces copper nitrate + water + nitrogen dioxide gas
a) NO2 is a yellow brown gas
- Middle wells: distilled water
a) NO2 gas dissolves easily in water (becomes very acidic)
b) creates acid rain; orange to red color when add indicator to wells after reaction complete
- Outer corner wells: universal indicator solution
a) Acid = red (pH0); base = violet (pH14); neutral = green (pH7) - follows ROYGBIV
b) Change colors as pH falls (green to yellow to orange to red as reaction progress and NO2 forms)
12
Industrial Uses of Qualitative Analysis
- A forensic chemist can analyze soil, blood or paint samples. For example, components in a soil sample taken from a crime scene can be compared with a soil sample taken from a suspect’s shoes.
- Pharmaceutical chemists will need to check for impurities in a sample of a new product.
- Water quality
a) Environmental chemists may need to determine the presence of a particular metal ion in a sample of water taken from a river.
a) Filter retailers
a) Swimming safety
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