Qualitative Data Collection

Question 1

ethics method

Answer 1

identify the appropriate ethics board
submit the research proposal to the ethics board
outline the target population, sample group and methods

Question 2

Data collection methods

Answer 2

interviews
participant observation
reflective journaling
questionnaires
focus groups
action groups

Question 3

Questionnaires - admin

Answer 3

face to face, paper and pencil, computerised

Question 4

Questionnaires - questions

Answer 4

use statements which are interpreted in the same way by members of difference subpopulations
use positive statements and avoid negatives or double negatives
do not make assumptions
use clear comprehensible wording

Question 5

Questionnaires - question types

Answer 5

closed - yes or no
multiple choice - more than 3 choices
dichotomous - two options
norminal-polytomous - more than two unordered options
ordinal-polytomous - more than two ordered options
continuous - scale

Question 6

interviews

Answer 6

conversation between two or more people where question are asked to elicit facts or statements from the interviewee

Question 7

structured interview

Answer 7

ensure that each interview is presented with exactly the same questions in the same order

Question 8

semi-structured interview

Answer 8

open, allowing new ideas to be brought up as a result of what the interviewee says

Question 9

unstructured interview

Answer 9

questions are not prearranged

Question 10

participant observation

Answer 10

a form of sociological research methodology in which the researcher takes on a role in the social situation under observation
becomes a full time occupation of the researcher
social researcher immerses themselves in the social setting under study, getting to know key actions

Question 11

Observation

Answer 11

aim is to experience events in the manner in which the subjects under study also experience these events

Question 12

covert observations

Answer 12

researcher participating fully without informing members of the social group of the reasons for her presence, thus the research is carried out secretly

Question 13

reflective journaling observations

Answer 13

used as a means of aiding reflection, deepening student understnding and stimulating critical thinking

Question 14

focus groups observation

Answer 14

a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards something
more natural than a one on one interview

Question 15

types of focus groups

Answer 15

two way 
dual moderator
duelling moderator 
respondent moderator
client participant
mini 
teleconference 
online

Question 16

two way focus group

Answer 16

one focus group watches another and discusses the observed interactions

Question 17

dual moderator focus group

Answer 17

one moderator ensures the session progresses smoothly, while another ensures all topics are covered

Question 18

duelling moderator focus group

Answer 18

two moderators deliberately take opposite sides on the issue under discussion

Question 19

respondent moderator focus group

Answer 19

one and only one of the respondents are asked to act as the moderator temporarily

Question 20

client participant focus groups

Answer 20

one or more client representatives participate in the discussion, either covertly or overtly

Question 21

mini focus groups

Answer 21

groups are composed of four ro five members rather than 6-12

Question 22

teleconference focus group

Answer 22

telephone network is used

Question 23

online focus group

Answer 23

computers connected via the internet are used

Question 24

negatives of focus groups

Answer 24

one shot case studies especially if they are measuring a property-disposition relationship witin the social sciences unless they are repeated
the setting itself - participants may find the moderator and the recording instruments obtrusice

Question 25

positives of focus groups

Answer 25

group discussion produces data and insights that would be less accessible without interaction found in a group setting
group members discover a common language
opportunity for disclorure among similar others in a setting where participant are validated