QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS Flashcards
is the selection and production of linguistic (or visual) material for analyzing and understanding phenomena, social fields, subjective and collective experiences and the related meaning-making processes
a. Quantitative data collection
b. Qualitative data collection
c. Mixed data collection
Qualitative data collection
can refer to subjective or social meanings.
Meaning-making
can refer to naturally occurring or elicited data. It can be
based on talking, listening, observing, analyzing materials as sounds, images or digital phenomena.
Collection
Basic Methodological Approaches
Talking to people in interviews
Walking to people in ethnographies– observing people
Tracing people’s lives by analyzing documents
interviews, focus groups, and narrative data
a. Verbal data
b. Ethnographic approaches
c. Material data
Verbal data
observation, ethnography, and focused ethnography based on videography
a. Verbal data
b. Ethnographic approaches
c. Material data
Ethnographic approaches
documents, images, media (television and film)
a. Verbal data
b. Ethnographic approaches
c. Material data
Material data
predetermined questions
same questions, same order
a. Structured interview
b. Semi-structured interview
c. Unstructured interview
Structured interview
predetermined questions
follow-up questions
a. Structured interview
b. Semi-structured interview
c. Unstructured interview
Semi-structured interviews
Questions arise spontaneously
a. Structured interview
b. Semi-structured interview
c. Unstructured interview
Unstructured interviews
defining feature is the use of group interaction to produce qualitative data.
Sharing and comparing create dynamics that are not available in individual interviews.
a. In-depth interview
b. Focus group interview
Focus group interview
Tasks in qualitative interviews:
introduce the group members to one another
to introduce the focus of the group (e.g. a question or a stimulus)
gently ‘steer’ the discussion
sets certain limits to the discussion
The strength of the focus group as a method of data collection lies in its ability to mobilize participants to respond to and comment on one another’s contributions.
Such data allow the researcher to address questions about the ways in which attitudes may be formed and changed, and about how participants jointly construct meanings.
True or False?
True
When the goal is to understand issues related to consensus and diversity across participants, focus groups are recommended.
True or False?
True
Individual interviews are preferred when the goal is to get in-depth information about each participant.
True or False?
True
are intended to identify the beliefs and opinions of a selected group of people on a specific topic
a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation
Focus group discussion
One-on-one discussions designed to provide a detailed picture of an individual participant’s views about the area of interest
a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation
In-depth interviews
tends to take place in natural settings (e.g. a school or hospital; a bar or a club), where the observer can be either incognito (covert) or known as a researcher (overt).
a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation
Participant observation
requires the researcher to engage in a variety of activities including participation, documentation, (informal) interviewing and reflection.
a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation
Participant observation
The researcher needs to be involved enough to understand what is going on, yet remain detached enough to be able to reflect on the phenomenon under investigation
Can be extremely difficult when the research is concerned with emotionally charged subject matter
a. Focus group discussion
b. In-depth interviews
c. Participant observation
Participant observation
Participant observation rules:
The participant observer needs to keep detailed notes of any observations made.
phase observation and writing
Important to record observations after they have been made to avoid forgetting
descriptions of settings, events and people, as well as quotations and/or summaries of what people said
a. Substantive notes
b. Methodological notes
c. Analytical notes
Substantive notes
process of observation: researchers’ relationship with the other participants, and problems encountered in the field
a. Substantive notes
b. Methodological notes
c. Analytical notes
Methodological notes
themes, connections, and patterns
a. Substantive notes
b. Methodological notes
c. Analytical notes
Analytical notes
