Qualitative Research Quiz 3

Question 1

The study of culture, practice places researchers in environment they are studying

Set of highly formal techniques designed to extract cognitive data

Answer 1

Ethnography

Question 2

Goal of ethnography?

Answer 2

Get at meaning behind actions

Question 3

In ethnography, what occurs when the researcher abandons the idea of absolute objectivity or scientific neutrality and attempts to emerge him/herself in the culture being studied?

Answer 3

Subjective soaking

Question 4

Emic view

Answer 4

Insider’s view

Question 5

Etic View

Answer 5

Outsider’s view

Question 6

1920s era

Answer 6

Impressionism

Question 7

1946-1955

Answer 7

Renaissance

Question 8

1960s

Answer 8

Expressionism

Question 9

1970s

Answer 9

Began dark ages in deviant ethnographies

Question 10

2000s

Answer 10

Enlightment

Question 11

Attempts to describe the way of life of an entire group

Answer 11

Macroethnography

Question 12

An orientation where the researcher has a concern about social inequalities and directs his or her own efforts toward positive change, researcher makes value-laden judgements of meanings and methods in a conscious effort to challenge research

Answer 12

Critical ethnography

Question 13

The tradition of cultural descriptions and the analysis of various meanings or shared meaning through the interpretation of meaning

Answer 13

Conventional ethnography

Question 14

Conventional approaches to ethnography examine _________________, and critical approaches ask ______________

Answer 14

what is, what could be

Question 15

Social science research should maintain a ___________?

Answer 15

Value-neutral position

Question 16

Initial values, biases, and theoretical orientations that eventually produce an ethnography project

Answer 16

Subjective motivational factors

Question 17

Arrangements made between researchers and subjects

Answer 17

Bargains

Question 18

People or groups who are in position to grant or deny access to a research setting

Answer 18

Gatekeepers

Question 19

Indigenous persons found among the group in the setting to be studied

Answer 19

Guides

Question 20

Suggests that when subjects know they are subjects they will alter their usual behavior

Answer 20

Hawthorne Effect

Question 21

Systematic method for classifying similar events, actions, objects, people, or places into discrete groupings

Answer 21

Typology

Question 22

Procedures that allow the researcher to make assessments about the degree of affinity or disdain that members of a group have toward one another

Answer 22

Sociograms

Question 23

Descriptions that reveal aspects of the subject through comparison with other subjects

Answer 23

Metaphors

Question 24

Process that gives credence to the development of powers of reflective thought, discussion, decision and action by ordinary people participating in collective research on private troubles that they have in common

Answer 24

Action research

Question 25

Attempts to systematically recapture the complex nuances, the people, meanings, events, and even the ideas of the past that have influenced and shaped the present

Answer 25

Historical research

Question 26

Sources that involve oral or written testimony from eyewitnesses, original artifacts (pictures, recordings, diaries, journals, drawings)

Answer 26

Primary sources

Question 27

Oral or written testimony of people not immediately present at the time of a given event (textbooks, articles, newspaper stories)

Answer 27

Secondary sources

Question 28

Involve primary and secondary sources that have been distilled and presented in some sort of collection or anthology format (almanacs, dictionaries, encyclopedia)

Answer 28

Tertiary sources

Question 29

Primarily concerned with the question of veracity or genuineness of the source material, seeking to determine the authenticity of a document

Answer 29

External Criticism

Question 30

Seeks to assess the meaning of the statements in a document or possible meanings.intentions, usually comes after genuineness has been determined

Answer 30

Internal criticism

Question 31

________ history is considered the first type of history

Answer 31

Oral

Question 32

Careful, detailed systematic examination and interpretation of a particular body of material in an effort to identify patterns, themes, biases, and meanings

Answer 32

Content analysis

Question 33

Orientation that allows researchers to treat social action and human activity as text, human action can be seen as a collection of symbols expressing layers of meaning

Answer 33

Interpretive approach to analyzing data

Question 34

Approach in which researcher has had to spent a lot of time in specific culture, been part of study population

Answer 34

Social anthropological approach

Question 35

research mode in which researchers work with their subjects in a given setting to accomplish some sort of change or action

Answer 35

Collaborative social research approaches

Question 36

3 approaches to the conduct of qualitative content analysis

Answer 36

conventional, directed, summative content analysis

Question 37

Coding categories that have been derived directly and inductively from the raw data itself, sometimes referred to as grounded approach

Answer 37

Conventional content analysis

Question 38

Use of more analytic codes and categories derived from existing theories and explanations relevant to the research focus

Answer 38

Direct content analysis

Question 39

Begins from existing words or phrases in the text itself, researcher exploration involves latent meanings and themes that are apparent in the data

Answer 39

Summative content analysis

Question 40

Analysis is extended to an interpretive reading of the symbolism underlying the physical data

Answer 40

Latent content

Question 41

____________ analysis describes the content while _________ analysis seeks to discern its meaning

Answer 41

Manifest, latent

Question 42

smallest element or unit in content analysis

Answer 42

word

Question 43

useful unit to count, simple sentence in simplest form

Answer 43

theme

Question 44

whole unit of the sender's message (ex: entire book,, entire letter/speech/diary)

Answer 44

item

Question 45

Sophisticated type of word counting, involve words grouped together into clusters

Answer 45

concept

Question 46

How strong or weak a word might be in relation to the overall sentiment of the sentence

Answer 46

semantics

Question 47

What is developed after codes (progression)?

Answer 47

patterns/themes, then categories, then assertions

Question 48

Patterns/themes are based on?

Answer 48

Codes

Question 49

Interpretation of data, 1-2 sentences that summarizes meaning of data, defines experience/understanding of participants, ties in relationship of categories

Answer 49

Assertion

Question 50

Units of data, chunks of meaning, phrases or sentences not words, emergent, count to determine prevalence (open coding)-- no numbers though just patterns

Answer 50

Codes

Question 51

More broad than codes, significant patterns of experience, understanding by participants, uses axial coding (condensing data, giving data meaning)

Answer 51

Patterns/themes

Question 52

Patterns/themes grouped into? Broad topic areas

Answer 52

Categories

Question 53

The goal of a ____________ is to write a descriptive account of some event in the past, identify relationship connections between various events, assumes you can only understand present by understanding past

Answer 53

Historiography

Question 54

Life history that looks at a social perspective, study of an individual's own experiences and turning points, NOT written by individual

Answer 54

Biographical study

Question 55

Person reports on OWN life, reflections of culture, personal and institutional points, turning points to make sense of what is happening in life

Answer 55

Life History

Question 56

Answers the question what is the meaning of this experience to the individual?

Answer 56

Phenomenology

Question 57

Key emphasis of phenomenology

Answer 57

Experience (also interpretation, essence of experience)

Question 58

Process used to remove or at least become aware of prejudices, viewpoints, or assumptions

Answer 58

epoche

Question 59

Use of parentheses to set off research biases and assumptions

Answer 59

bracketing

Question 60

Want to get participant's meaning without adding my meaning to it

Answer 60

suspension of judgement

Question 61

Seeing the phenomena from various angles and perspectives

Answer 61

imaginative variation

Question 62

What must be done simultaneously with data analysis for a phenomenological study?

Answer 62

data collection (checking in with group)

Question 63

Story of cultural discovery, cultural picture

Answer 63

Ethnography

Question 64

Ethnographies do no generate ______?

Answer 64

theories

Question 65

Objective in write-up, tends to be news like, reports what researcher has learned- type of ethnography

Answer 65

Realist ethnography

Question 66

Type of ethnography interested in learning about beliefs of a group culture with a political agenda in the background

Answer 66

Critical ethnography

Question 67

2+ individuals with shared social patterns, norms, and cultural beliefs

Answer 67

Culture sharing group

Question 68

Data collection in which participant and researcher agree upon the data and its importance

Answer 68

Negotiation data

Question 69

Form of self-reflective inquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own practices, their understanding of those practices, and the situations in which the practices are carried out

Answer 69

Participant action research

Question 70

Primary tasks of ________________ are to uncover or produce information useful to a group of people, enlighten or empower the average person in the group

Answer 70

Action research

Question 71

3 types of knowledge in action research

Answer 71

instrumental, interactive, critical

Question 72

Info that is learned from un-biased observations, important but does not give full scope but has lots of detail

Answer 72

Instrumental knowledge

Question 73

Knowledge through sharing life together, exchanging ideas, and interviewing

Answer 73

Interactive knowledge

Question 74

Information gained from reflecting and attempting to solve issues, builds on instrumental and interactive knowledge

Answer 74

Critical knowledge

Question 75

___________ research is typically written following a case study format

Answer 75

action

Question 76

Type of action research in which a particular intervention is tested, collaboration with participant

Answer 76

Technical/scientific/collaborative

Question 77

Type of action research in which a research problem is defined after the situation has been assessed and a mutual understanding has been met

Answer 77

Practical/Mutual collaborative/Deliberate

Question 78

Type of action research in which there is political action

Answer 78

Emancipating/Enhancing/Critical Science

Question 79

Process of having participants capture pictures that represent some aspect of their lives

Answer 79

Photovoice

Question 80

Type of case study that helps to understand the case of the primary research question

Answer 80

Intrinsic case study

Question 81

Type of case study that looks for theoretical explanations, looks at cause and effect, helps refine theory, looks to find more support

Answer 81

Instrumental case study

Question 82

Type of case study that studies similar cases to compare and contrast them

Answer 82

Collective case studies

Question 83

Case study design types

Answer 83

Exploratory, explanatory, descriptive

Question 84

Focuses on a particular situation, event or program in case study

Answer 84

particularistics

Question 85

In case study illuminates the researcher's understanding of the phenomenon under study

Answer 85

heuristic

Question 86

Purpose of __________ is to be a systematic discovery of theory from the data of social research, primary intent is to develop and verify theory, uses a constant comparative method for data gathering and analysis

Answer 86

grounded theory

Question 87

Search for initial codes and categories, categories are dimesionalized to reduce down to smaller number, a single category is identified as the central phenomenon of interest

Answer 87

Open coding

Question 88

From where does axial coding begin?

Answer 88

From the central phenomenon

Question 89

identification of causal conditions, intervening or shaping conditions, strategies to describe/address the phenomenon, development of a coding paradigm or a model to visually portray the categories

Answer 89

Axial coding

Question 90

More abstract and systematic analysis of the central phenomenon, validating and relating categories more closely, finding and describing the story line

Answer 90

Selective coding

Question 91

use of theoretical sampling to present a conditional matrix or theory, present propositions to support the matrix/model or theory

Answer 91

Theory via propositions