Quantitative 4

Question 1

Risk of observational studies

Answer 1

Confounding and selection bias
Lack of consistency
Statistical errors
Table 2 fallacy
Chance findings

Question 2

Risk of RCT

Answer 2

Generalizability
Need for theories
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
Statistical errors
Table 2 fallacy
Chance findings

Question 3

Categorical variable

Answer 3

Binary 0/1
Dichotomous yes/no

Question 4

Numerical variable

Answer 4

Everything which can be quantified
height, bmi, scores

Question 5

Boxplot contains

Answer 5

middle 50% of treatment arm

Question 6

Whiskers

Answer 6

highest and lowest values within 1.5 times the interquartile range from the median

Question 7

Outliers

Answer 7

values outside whiskers
presented by circles

Question 8

Concluding effectiveness based on boxplot

Answer 8

How much do results vary
How much improvement was made

Question 9

Moderation analysis

Answer 9

Examine if the effect of an independent variable on the dependent variable is the same across different levels of another variable (moderator)
Adding an interactionterm

Question 10

Interactionterm

Answer 10

Estimate additional treatment effect of X compared to treatment effect of W