Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

Question 1

Quantitative methods (6)

Answer 1

Interviews 
Questionnaires
Surveys 
Psychological tests
Psychometric tests 
Projective tests

Question 2

Qualitative methods (4)

Answer 2

Qualitative interview
Focus groups
Ethnographic research
Historical research

Question 3

Quantitative method interviews

Answer 3

Gathering info about people by conversing with them face to face dialogue

Question 4

General requirements for interview (7)

Answer 4

Establishment of rapport
Statement of purpose 
Detached/ objective attitude
Staying on topic 
Careful wording of questions 
Knowing when to end 
Accurate record of interview

Question 5

Unstructured interviews

Answer 5

Interviews in which the interviewer provides minimal direction to the interviewer

Question 6

Structured interviews

Answer 6

Interviews with a pre specified set of topics and order of discussion

Question 7

Standardized structured interviews

Answer 7

Wording of questions order of questions

Question 8

Mixed question interviews ( 3)

Answer 8

Interviews using different kinds of questions open ended, fixed option (close ended) rating scale questions

Question 9

Problems with interviews (8)

Answer 9

Interviewer bias 
Personal bias 
Social and ethic bias 
Interviewee dishonesty 
Implementation costs
Training costs travel costs administration costs

Question 10

Questionnaires

Answer 10

Gathering info about people anonymously using a standardized series of questions

Question 11

Components of a questionnaire (4)

Answer 11

Preamble
Identification questions
Research questions
Branching instructions

Question 12

Fixed option items

Answer 12

Questions with qualitatively distinct response alternatives

Question 13

Rating scale items

Answer 13

Questions with quantitatively distinct response alternatives

Categorical, numerical, graphical

Question 14

Yes no or true false items

Answer 14

H

Question 15

Likert scale

Answer 15

Agree disagree

Question 16

Funnel questions

Answer 16

A series of related questions soliciting progressively more detailed info

Question 17

Open ended questions

Answer 17

Questions that respondents answer in their own words

Question 18

Question bias double barreled questions

Answer 18

Items that ask two separate questions simultaneously

Question 19

Loaded questions

Answer 19

Items that contain emotionally charged or value laden terms

Question 20

Leading questions

Answer 20

Items that tend to influence response in a certain direction

Question 21

Double negatives

Answer 21

Items that use two negative expressions to convey a positive idea

Question 22

Response bias acquiescence

Answer 22

Tendency to agree with items regardless of their content

Question 23

Dissension

Answer 23

Tendency to disagree with items regardless of their content

Question 24

Deviation

Answer 24

Tendency to answe items in an extreme way regardless of their content

Question 25

Social desirability

Answer 25

Tendency to answer items in a socially acceptable way regardless of the correctness of the answer

Question 26

Questionnaire wording (5)

Answer 26

Avoid words with double meaning Avoid overly lengthy questions Ask questions based on respondents own experience Design the entire questionnaire around a theoretical rationale Pre test the questionnaire on a test sample

Question 27

Surveys

Answer 27

Administering an interview or questionnaire to a sample of individuals to estimate characteristics of a large population

Question 28

Confidence and tolerance levels

Answer 28

Range of values within which a population value falls with a specified probability

Question 29

Tolerance level precision

Answer 29

The range of values within which the true population value falls with a specified probability

Question 30

Confidence level

Answer 30

The probability that the true population falls within the tolerance level

Question 31

Reasons for sampling (3)

Answer 31

Feasibility Accuracy Unobtrusiveness

Question 32

Simple random sampling

Answer 32

Sampling such that every member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected

Question 33

Cluster sampling

Answer 33

Random sampling in 2 phases Primary selection units (clusters groups) Secondary selection units ( individuals within groups

Question 34

Stratified sampling

Answer 34

Random sampling from mutually exclusive and exhaustive strata in the population