Quantum

Question 1

What is the event horizon

Answer 1

The minimum distance from which light can just escape

Question 2

What is schwarzchild radius

Answer 2

The distance from the singularity to the event horizon

Question 3

Why is the sun is not a black hole

Answer 3

The radius of the sun is greater than the schwartzchild radius.

Question 4

What is non-inertial frame of reference

Answer 4

Frame of reference that is accelerating

Question 5

What happens to the time when the gravitational field becomes stronger

Answer 5

The time becomes slower

Question 6

What is the Equivalent Principle

Answer 6

It is not possible to distinguish between the effects of an obsver of a uniform gravitational field and of a constant acceleration.

Question 7

What does the world line look like on a graph for constant speed below C

Answer 7

Straight line above the speed of light line

Question 8

What does the worldline look like for a stationary

Answer 8

Straight line vertically

Question 9

What does the worldline look like for an acceleration

Answer 9

A curved like going right
Deacceleartion going craved up

Question 10

What does the worldline for deacceleartaion look like

Answer 10

Curved to the left

Question 11

Box grid

Answer 11

Top right - future even +ve
Bottom right - past event + ve
Top left - future event -ve
Bottom left - past event - ve

Question 12

Geodisic

Answer 12

The path with the shortest distance between two points

Question 13

What does Quanta mean

Answer 13

An exact amount

Question 14

What is a blackbody

Answer 14

A perfect emitter or absorber of radiation at all wave lengths

Question 15

What does each line on the absorption and emisson spectra

Answer 15

The frequency of the photon emitted or absorbed as an electron moves between spefic enegery levels

Question 16

What is the photoelectric effect

Answer 16

When the light is incident on a metal plate and electron emitted

Question 17

What can be explained through quantum physics but not classical

Answer 17

Blackbody radiation
Formation of emisson and absorption spectra
The photoelectric effect

Question 18

Example of a black body

Answer 18

Stars
Sun

Question 19

What does the blackbody spectrum show

Answer 19

Shows the range of wavelength of light emitted at different temperatures

Question 20

What does the distribution or shape of the curve on the black body spectrum

Answer 20

The maximum wavelength is at the maximum irridnace going left depends on temperature

Question 21

What is the problem with the black body spectrum

Answer 21

Classical theory couldn’t account for this distribution for the ultra violet because it was calculated it would tend to infinity. But practically it showd otherwise

Question 22

What experimental data illustrated that the UV part of the spectrum the irridiamce would decrease, what did the mathematical side predicted

Answer 22

The uv would tend to infinity

Question 23

What evidence shows that the math is incorrect

Answer 23

That it didn’t match what we measured practically

Question 24

What was the ‘realisation’ about classical electromagnetic theory as a result of the ultraviolet catastrophe

Answer 24

They contradicted eachother and therefore a different physics was needed

Question 25

What did bohr model use

Answer 25

It made a guess that angular momentum is quanised meaning it can only have spefic valued within the levels

Question 26

What is mvr equal to in the equation

Answer 26

The angular momentum of electrons

Question 27

Use the equation E=PC to get p=h/landa

Answer 27

P=E/c = hf/fwavelength =h/ wavelength

Question 28

What is broglie wavelength equal too

Answer 28

Wavelength accosiated with a particle

Question 29

What happens when electrons are passed through a crystal lattice

Answer 29

They diffraction qnd create a radical interference pattern

Question 30

What is the pattern when electrons are diffracted

Answer 30

Light and dark spots

Question 31

The higher the voltage

Answer 31

The more energy and greater peak intensity

Question 32

Using heisenberg uncertainty principles the more accurately you know the position

Answer 32

The less accurately you know the momentum and vise versa

Question 33

Some neutrons used to investigate the structure of crystal lattices will not produce interference patterns this may be due to a large uncertainty in the momentumb Explain why a large uncertainty in the momentum would result in these neutrons being unsuitable for this diffraction process

Answer 33

The uncertainty in the position will be too small. Neutrons can be considered a particles even on the length of the scale

Question 34

Quantum physics tunnelling

Answer 34

An object such as an electron or atom passing through a potential energy barrier. That according to classical physics should not be passable. Due to the object not having energy to pass

Question 35

Where does the lowest enegey comic rays arrive from

Answer 35

The sun in a stream of charged particles

Question 36

What Is solar wind

Answer 36

Cosmic rays in streams of charged particles

Question 37

The origin of higher engery

Answer 37

Is made difficulty at they twist and turn in the magnetic fields of interstellar space

Question 38

Where does solar wind come from

Answer 38

Upper atmosphere of the sun

Question 39

Explain why the charged particles follow a helical path

Answer 39

The charged particles have a component parallel to the magnetic field whichoves them forward in that direction whichever it in a circle

Question 40

What to solar wind normally consist of

Answer 40

Electrons protons and alpha particles

Question 41

What are the two parts of the helical motions

Answer 41

The parallel to magnetic field Perpendicular to magnetic field.

Question 42

Parallel

Answer 42

Vcos0

Question 43

Perpendicular

Answer 43

Vsin0

Question 44

What direction does the particles have to be traveling in Inord3r to have a force excepted kn it by the field

Answer 44

Perpendicular

Question 45

Will the compoent velocity that is parallel to the magnetic feild

Answer 45

No force

Question 46

What is the pitch t

Answer 46

The distance between successive loops

Question 47

Explain how a particle can follow a helical path rather than a circular one

Answer 47

The velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field produces circular motion The velocity parallel to the field is constant and results in no unbalanced forced / unaffected by the magnetic feild

Question 48

State two changes to the helical path followed by the proton as it approaches the pole

Answer 48

Radius decreases Pitch decreases

Question 49

What is quantum tunnelling

Answer 49

A quantum particle can exist in a position that according to classical physics it has insufficient engery to occupy.

Question 50

What is quantum tunnelling

Answer 50

A quantum particle can exist in a position that according to classical physics it has insufficient engery to occupy.

Question 51

State what is meant by plane-polarised light

Answer 51

Light oscillates in a single plane

Question 52

What does polarisation relate too

Answer 52

Relates to the orientation of the electric field vibration

Question 53

What is an unpolaired wave

Answer 53

The plane of an electric field constantly changes and can oscillate in any plane

Question 54

Polaired waves

Answer 54

The plane of an electric field vibrating in a fixed in one direction

Question 55

Is the reflected beam is completely plane polarised or not

Answer 55

Yes it is

Question 56

Go over the derived snells law equation

Answer 56

Yes

Question 58

How can sunlight be polarised

Answer 58

By passing it through a polariser

Question 59

What is a polariser

Answer 59

It is a filter that has alot of very thin closely packed parallel lines on it that only allows the electric vector through one plane.

Question 60

What is a analyser

Answer 60

It I'd a second filter excalty like the polariser

Question 61

What does the analyser allow

Answer 61

Ut can be rotated to allow the plane polarised light through it or block it

Question 62

What does the transmission depend on

Answer 62

The orientation of the analyser

Question 63

When is their no light transmission through

Answer 63

When the analyser is at 90°

Question 64

What happens to the light as the angle moves from 0° to 90°

Answer 64

The light intensity gradually falls yo 0

Question 65

What happens to the light intensity as the angle increase from 90° to 180°

Answer 65

The light intensity gradually increases until maximum potential

Question 66

How xan unpolarirsed light be plane polarised

Answer 66

By reflecting from any flat transparent electrical insulator

Question 67

What does the degree of polarisation depend on

Answer 67

The angle of incidence and the refractive index of the material

Question 68

Give me the derivation for brewster angle

Answer 68

N = sini/sinr Angle of incidence = angle of reflection 180= I +90 +0r R= 0r =(90-i) N=sini/sin(90-i) N=sini/cosi N=tani

Question 69

While watching a 3D movie a pair of glasses contain two polarisation filters one in each eye. Explain how this arranent enable a different image to be seen in each eye?

Answer 69

The filter for each eye will allow light from one projector image to pass through while blocking the light from the other projector

Question 70

What is meant by plane polarised light

Answer 70

Light oscillates in a single plane

Question 71

When is a electromagnetic wave is formed

Answer 71

When a electric feild combines with magnetic field. The feild oscillates in phase and perpendicular to eachother and the direction of motion

Question 72

Permeability of free space

Answer 72

A measure of the amount of resistance encountered when firing a magnetic field in a vacuum

Question 73

Permittivity ot free space

Answer 73

A constant that gives a measure of the ability of electric fields to pass through a vacuum

Question 74

What is angular momentum

Answer 74

Can only have exact values

Question 75

Explain how the divers sunglasses reduce the glare from the puddle of water

Answer 75

Sunglasses transmission axis is perpendicular to the plant of the polarised light

Question 76

Explain why the brightness of the rainbow varies as described

Answer 76

Light from the rainbow is polarised. The plane of the polaired light gradually changes