Waves

Question 1

What is springs constant measured in

Answer 1

N/m

Question 2

What is single harmonic motion

Answer 2

Displacement is proportional to and in the opposite direction to the acceleration

Question 3

What direction is the restoring force

Answer 3

It is always opposite direction of the spring

Question 4

At what point is the restoring force at it’d largest

Answer 4

At full length/ max extension

Question 5

For the horizontal spring what equals eachother and derived it

Answer 5

T=F
-kx = ma (hookes and 2nd law)
a = d²x/dt² = -kx/m

Question 6

How can hookes law be represented on a graph and where is the equilibrium

Answer 6

Sin/ cos
When y= 0

Question 7

During hookes law what is force proportional too

Answer 7

Extention

Question 8

When can SHM be observed on a mass on a string

Answer 8

When the surface is frictionless and If the spring is extended and released.

Question 9

What will a mass oscillate around during SHM

Answer 9

Equilibrium y=o

Question 10

The amplitude on a SHM graph at the displacement at the max or min

Answer 10

Maximum displacement

Question 11

How can SHM and circular motion be linked

Answer 11

Through anglur frequency

Question 12

Y=Asinwt is this natural or self made

Answer 12

Natural

Question 13

Why is y=Asinwt natural

Answer 13

Because it is assumed that a vertical mass starts from equilibrium point and has a maximum amplitude and it moved on its own

Question 14

What is the equation when we assume that the mass oscillates starting from a maximum amplitude A

Answer 14

y= Acoswt

Question 15

Is y=Acoswt is self made or natural

Answer 15

Self-made

Question 16

What is the period in relation too SMH

Answer 16

The period of SHM is the time taken to complete one oscillation

Question 17

What is the frequency in relation too SHM

Answer 17

To the number of complete oscillation preformed per second

Question 18

What are the two relationships needed too derive a relationship for velocity free from cos and sin.

Answer 18

V=dy/dt

sin²0+cos²0=1

Y=Asinwt

Question 19

derive a relationship for velocity free from cos and sin

Answer 19

Differentiate y=Asinwt to get
V=Awcoswt
Make sin²wt+cos²wt=1 to get
coswt=square root of 1-sin²wt

Therefore v=+or- Aw squareroot 1-sin²wt

And we can arrange the original displacement equation to get
Y²/A²= sin²wt
Which would sub in to get
V=+or- Aw square root 1- y²/A²
Put over one fraction simplify and take our A

Question 20

The simple harmonic graph of y against wt

Answer 20

Sin graph

Question 21

The simple harmonic graph of y against wt. Where is the minimum velocity

Answer 21

At the maximum amplitude

Question 22

The simple harmonic graph of y against wt, at what point at the velocity at a maximum

Answer 22

When y=0

Question 23

How can we derive our linear equation for kinetic enegrry and the velocity equation for simple harmonic lotion

Answer 23

Sub v into the 1/2mv²

Question 24

When velocity is at it’s maximum what is the knetic engery

Answer 24

It equals the total engery and meaning thr potential is zero

Question 25

What happens to the 3ngery when y=+-A

Answer 25

All thr energy at potential energy at minimum velocity

Question 26

What will happen to the kinetic enegery when it is oscillating

Answer 26

It will loose engery due to friction

Question 27

What cause the fiction when a object is oscillating

Answer 27

Air Rubbing

Question 28

What happens to the amplitude of thr oscillation If the engery is decreasing

Answer 28

It will also decrease

Question 29

What is damping in a system

Answer 29

It is described as the rate at which enegery is lost Or The rate at which the amplitude is decreasing

Question 30

What is critical damping

Answer 30

It is the minimum amount of damping that completely eliminates the oscillation

Question 31

What does a cental damping graph look like

Answer 31

A gradual cruve to 0

Question 32

What is under damping

Answer 32

Is when the system returns to equilibrium quickly but overshoots and crosses the equilibrium position one or more times

Question 33

What does the graph of under damping look like

Answer 33

The will curve under the t axis and yhrn back over until to reaches 0

Question 34

What is over damping

Answer 34

It is when the system returns to equilibrium without oscillating. This will take longer to reach equilibrium than critical damping

Question 35

To get from the displacement graph of y=Acoswt and y=Asinwt to the velocity graph

Answer 35

Differentiate the graphs

Question 36

To get from the velocity graph of y=Awcoswt and y=-Awsinwt to the velocity graph

Answer 36

Differentiate the graphs again

Question 37

When is potential energy at is maximum

Answer 37

When the displacement is at + or - A

Question 38

When is potential engery at a minimum

Answer 38

When the displacement is equal to 0

Question 39

When is the knetic energy at I'd maximum

Answer 39

When the displacement is equal to zero

Question 40

When is the kinetic energy at its minimum

Answer 40

When the displacement is y=+or- A

Question 41

How to damp?

Answer 41

Increase surface area of mass Add mass of a more viscous medium

Question 42

Waves

Answer 42

That transfer energy from one place to another at a particular speed

Question 43

What is the phase difference

Answer 43

Is measure of how much one point either leads or lags behind another point on a wave

Question 44

What is the phase difference measured in

Answer 44

Rad

Question 45

Phase derivation

Answer 45

X/wave = 0/2TT 0=2TTX/wave

Question 46

The travelling wave equation is positive or negative when going left to righ

Answer 46

Negative

Question 47

What is a travelling wave

Answer 47

It is a periodic disturbance where the energy is transferred from one point to another through vibration

Question 48

Greater the amplitude what happens to the engery

Answer 48

The greater engery

Question 49

A wave with twice the height will have

Answer 49

4 times the energy

Question 50

What is a coherent wave

Answer 50

Is ine which only emits one frequency and has a constant phase difference

Question 51

Two travelling waves are said to be

Answer 51

Coherent if there is a constant phase difference between them with a constant frequency

Question 52

Two travelling waves are said to be

Answer 52

Coherent if there is a constant phase difference between them with a constant frequency

Question 53

Destructive interference

Answer 53

Occurs when two coherent waves have a phase difference of TT Thos occurs when the cake fir x is 1/2

Question 54

Constructive interference

Answer 54

Occurs when two coherent waves have a phase difference of 2TT This occurs when the value of X is wavelength

Question 55

What optical path lengths are dependent

Answer 55

On the refractive index of the medium that wave are travelling through

Question 56

If two light waves are traveling different distances but through the same median what would be the formula

Answer 56

Opd=n(d1-d2)

Question 57

Gpd

Answer 57

Geometric path difference

Question 58

For two waves travelling the same distance but in different mediums

Answer 58

Opd=(nglass-nair)

Question 59

What is optical path difference

Answer 59

Occurs when two waves from the same coherent source take different routes to get to the detector. When they come back together they have a phase difference.

Question 60

When light travels from a low reflective index to high reflective index what is the phase difference

Answer 60

It changes by TT (landa /2 )

Question 61

When traveling from a low to high reflective index. What happens yo the crest

Answer 61

A crest becomes a trough on reflection

Question 62

What will happen to the crest when it reflects from a high to low refractive index

Answer 62

The crest will stay a crest on reflection

Question 63

What would after reflection from going from a high to low reflective index

Answer 63

The phase won't change

Question 64

When both ends of a wave is fixed when will happen

Answer 64

It will reflect and interfere with itself

Question 65

What does it cause them waves interfere with itself and reflect

Answer 65

It is a result of a superposition

Question 66

What is a stationary wave

Answer 66

It is a result of two identical traveling waves traveling on opposite directions.

Question 67

What does the principle of superposition tell us

Answer 67

What happens if two or more waveforms overlap

Question 68

What are the different frequency when stationary waves act on

Answer 68

harmonics

Question 69

The frequency of harmonics is proportional to the

Answer 69

Number of half wavelength present

Question 70

L=1/2 wavelength what is f

Answer 70

1

Question 71

L=2/wavelength what does f equal

Answer 71

2

Question 72

What is a fixed system

Answer 72

This is a wave that interferes constructively with a reflection of itself.

Question 73

What are the set points on a stationary wave called

Answer 73

Nodes

Question 74

What are nodes

Answer 74

They are points of zero disturbance in a stationary wave

Question 75

What is an anti-node

Answer 75

Maximum disturbance

Question 76

What is the distance between node equal too

Answer 76

The half wavelength

Question 77

How are stationary waves made

Answer 77

They are formed by the interference of transmitted wave and reflected wave of a fixed system

Question 78

Where does constructive interferes ocu4

Answer 78

At antipodean maxima

Question 79

What will be greater rhe opd or the gpd

Answer 79

The opd because their is more lengthlwaves in through glass then in air

Question 80

N=c/vglas make it equal to wavelength glass

Answer 80

C=fwave V=wave Substite and rearrange Waveglass= wave/n glass

Question 81

What would be the gpd of a ray if light in air

Answer 81

D/wavelength

Question 82

What is the opd equal to when going through the same medium but different distance

Answer 82

Opd=n(d1-d2)

Question 83

For two waves traveling the same distance but through different mediums the opd is

Answer 83

Opd = (n1-n2)d

Question 84

How is a stationary wave produced

Answer 84

Waves are reflected from each end and interfer