Quasi study on age and sleep Flashcards
(21 cards)
operationalised variables
IV- age- adolescent/young adult (16-24) and adults (25+)
DV- sleep score on Pittsburgh Quality of sleep index- higher score= worse sleep
alternative hypothesis
there will be an increase in score on the pittsburgh quality of sleep index in adolescents aged 16- 24 compared to adults 25+, where a higher score indicates worse sleep quality.
is hypothesis directional or non directional?
Directional
why did you use directional/non directional hypothesis?
research on sleep clearly states that adolescents and young adults need more sleep than adults. Due to phase delay in sleep patterns of adolescents, which is mismatched with school/work, adolescents sleep patterns don’t match circadian rhythm, leading to poor sleep quality. Therefore our hypothesis is directional based on this research as we would expect adolescents to have higher scores of Pittsburgh sleep quality index compared to adults.
null hypothesis
there will be no significant difference between adolescents 16-24 and adults 25+ on their scores on the Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and any difference that does occur will be due to chance.
sampling method
opportunity sampling
2 advantages of chosen sampling technique
more convenient than others, approach participants… compared to other methods like systematic or random, no need to create lists, etc, so less time consuming as well.
participant is being approached by us in college, no issue of consent as they can immediately say no, whereas with methods like random we could select someone who then doesn’t wants to participate.
2 limitations of sampling method
available doesn’t mean willing to participate
inevitably bias as adolescents drawn from small part of Bilborough college population.
appropriate descriptive statistics
mean and standard deviation
why those descriptive statistics?
mean appropraite for my data because the score on PSQI from 0-21 is set scale with a true 0, so the data is ratio, making mean most appropriate measure of central tendency.
As we are able to calculate the mean score on the PSQI for adolescents and adults, the most appropriate measure of dispersion would be standard deviation , as the mean is required as a part of this calculation, so we can find a more accurate spread of data that range.
appropriate graphical representation
bar chart
why this graphical representation
the graph is displaying the mean scores on the PSQI of adults and adolescents, this data is discrete and so therefore a bar chart is most appropriate way to display this data.
appropriate inferential statistical test
mann whitney U
why your chosen inferential statistical test?
my data is looking at the difference in scores on the PSQI for adolescents compared to adults. The experimental design is independent measuresas ps only complete the PSQI once and the IV is age, people are either in category of 16- 24 or 25+. The level of measurement is at least ordinal as the DV measured the score of PSQI on scale of 0-21.
conclusions
as the calculated value was 5.5, which is lower than the critical value of 7, the findings were significant at p= 0.05, therefore alternative hypothesis is accepted.
issues of reliability dealt with
dealts with inconsistency among us researchers when delivering instructions by writing standardised instructions, internal reliability
time restraints, unable to replicate research on age and sleep, didnt asses external reliability, delat with by test-retest, after time gap of 1 week, approached same ps to repeat.
why was your research reliable?
clearly operationalised our IV and Dv…
we also used split half method, find consistent results to indicate high internal reliability.
dealt with issues of validity
used quiet room, less canteen distractions, complete around midday,people better concentration.
collected global PSQI score rather than score for each question to reduce chances of social desirability bias influencing adults and adolescents answers
why was study valid
content validity- asked sleep expert if PSQI was accurate measure of sleep quality
operationalisation- of variables for high internal validity.
concurrent validity- compare scores on PSQI with another well established test of sleep quality…
ethical issues dealt with
invasion of privacy? personal questions, only asked for their age bracket bilborough staff and students from local area belonged to to avoid asking more personal questions.
protection from harm- nature of PSQI questions, if indicate poor sleep quality cause stress or worry, in debrief provided helpline and advice to reassure students and adults, dont leave in stressed state.
2 improvements
more diverse sample, all gathered from small area of east midlands, could conduct online study, allow to reach wider, diverse population, improve population validity, more representative.
improve measure of sleep used, PSQI some qs were difficult to answer eg, over past month how many times have you woken up to use toilet. To improve, would use a sleep lab where a sleep engineer could accurately measure sleep quality, eg, through use of EEG.
