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Forensic Pharmacology > Questions > Flashcards

Questions Flashcards

1
Q

In the case of poisoning, would thallium be destroyed by cremation?

A

No

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2
Q

What is 1 of the main distinguishing features of thallium poisoning?

A

Hairloss

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3
Q

Cyanide is termed A “metabolic poison”. What is the main biological process that cyanide effects?

A

Energy production in the mitochondria

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4
Q

What kind of radioactive particle does polonium emit?

A

Alpha

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5
Q

What is 1 of the distinguishing features of radioactive poisoning?

A

Hairloss

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6
Q

Botox is derived from what source?

A

Clostridium Botilinium

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7
Q

What is the main mechanism of mercury poisoning?

A

Effects nervous system and neurological

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8
Q

What is the major route of mercury poisoning in humans?

A

Ingestion

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9
Q

List 5 things which make an ideal homocidal poison

A

Cheap and easy to produce
Odourless
Colourless
Tasteless
Works efficiently

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10
Q

Define the term poison

A

Disruption of the body’s mechanisms by a biological or chemical agent

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11
Q

Where are the 4 chambers and major arteries/veins of the heart?

A

Ventricles bottom, atriums top, aorta top right, pulmonary vein is under the pulmonary artery which is under the aorta (top right), vena cava top left

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12
Q

Where is the blood flow in the heart?

A

Oxygen poor blood - down from the vena cava and out the pulmonary artery
Oxygen rich blood - down right the atrium and out of the aorta

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13
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Fast heart rate

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14
Q

Name the layers of the heart tissue?

A

Pericardium
Endocardium
Myocardium

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15
Q

What are the 2 nodes that are involved in the coordination of the heart beat?

A

Sinus atrial and atrial ventricular

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16
Q

Name the 5 main diseases of the heart

A

Myocardial infraction
Congestive heart failure
Hypotension
Cardiac arrhythmia
Coronary artery disease

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17
Q

What are the two phases of blood pressure?

A

Diastolic and systolic

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18
Q

How can cardiac arrhythmia’s be detected?

A

ECG

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19
Q

What class of chemicals are most nerve agents derived from?

A

Organophosphates

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20
Q

What is the molecular target for nerve agents?

A

Acetycholinesterase

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21
Q

Where is the cellular location of the molecular target of nerve agents?

A

Neuromuscular junction

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22
Q

What are the 2 classes of nerve agents?

A

G-series and V-series

23
Q

Novichok is termed as a binary agent, what does this mean?

A

2 non or less toxic substances when combined become toxic

24
Q

What are the initial symptoms of nerve agent poisoning?

A

Muscle spasms
Difficulty breathing
Nausea
Runny nose
Seizures

25
Q

What is the main distinguishing feature between nerve agent poisoning and cyanide attack?

A

Nerve agents cause muscle spasms, cyanide doesn’t

26
Q

What are the two main antidotes for nerve agent poisoning?

A

2-pam and atropine

27
Q

How can most nerve agents be detected?

A

Gas chromatography

28
Q

How can you determine if someone has been poisoned with a nerve agent?

A

Acetycholinesterase level is measured

29
Q

Name some of the drugs used in criminal assault?

A

Ketamine, rohypnol, GHB

30
Q

What is the “gold standard” for detection of drugs in bodily fluids?

A

GCMS

31
Q

What are 3 possible problems with bringing cases of assault involving drugs to court?

A

Drugs metabolise fast - might be out of the victim’s system
Might not be any or many witnesses
Witness and victim are usually the same person - may be memory problems

32
Q

What type of drug is flunitrazapam?

A

CNS depressant - benzodiazepine

33
Q

At what kind of receptor site does flunitrazapam work?

A

GABA

34
Q

What is the traditional use of ketamine?

A

Horse tranquilizer

35
Q

What receptor sites does ketamine work on?

A

NMDA

36
Q

Which metabolic product of ketamine can be used to confirm ingestion of ketamine?

A

Norketamine

37
Q

What is the original intended use of doxylamine?

A

Antihistamine

38
Q

What is GHB short for?

A

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate

39
Q

In which year did the government’s psychoactive substance bill come into effect?

A

2016

40
Q

2-aminoindane (2-AI) is an analogue of which drug?

A

Amphetamine

41
Q

What techniques can be used to detect 2-aminoindane?

A

ELISA and GCMS

42
Q

Piperazine is commonly used as an adulterant in what kind of tablets?

A

Anthelmintics

43
Q

BZP has been shown to have A mixed mechanism of action, acting on which receptors?

A

Serotinergic and dopaminergic

44
Q

What does DMT stand for?

A

Di-methyltriptamine

45
Q

Does DMT use result in addiction

A

Physiologically No

46
Q

What is the main kind of receptor that DMT binds to

A

Serotinergic

47
Q

What class of drug is DMT classed as in the UK?

A

Class A

48
Q

What does ELISA stand for

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

49
Q

Name the different types of ELISA?

A

Sandwich
Competitive
Direct
Indirect

50
Q

Which ELISA method involves labelling of the drug to be tested?

A

Competitive

51
Q

What is the detection antibody labelled with?

A

Fluorescence tag - colourmetric

52
Q

ELISA should not be used as a confirmatory test - true or false?

A

True

53
Q

What is the gold standard for drug testing?

A

GCMS

54
Q

Why is GCMS not used as a screening test?

A

They are not capable of analysing non-volatile, polar or thermally labile

Forensic Pharmacology (2 decks)

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