Questions

Question 1

A clinical manifestation caused by damage to the lower pons includes an abnormal____

Answer 1

Extension response of the upper and lower extremities.

Question 2

Which person is at the greatest risk for developing delirium?

Answer 2

An individual on the second day after hip replacement

Question 3

A sudden, explosive, disorderly discharge of cerebral neurons is?

Answer 3

A seizure

Question 4

A complex partial seizure is described as:

Answer 4

Impairment of both consciousness and the ability to react to exogenous stimuli.

Question 5

Status epilepticus is considered a medical emergency because of the:

Answer 5

Development of cerebral hypoxia.

Question 6

The most critical aspect in correctly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishing its cause is:

Answer 6

Health history

Question 7

What type of seizure starts in the fingers and progressively spreads up the arm and extends to the leg?

Answer 7

Focal (partial) Jacksonian seizure

Question 8

What area of the brain mediates the executive attention functions?

Answer 8

Prefrontal

Question 9

What term describes the loss of comprehension or production of language?

Answer 9

Aphasia

Question 10

With receptive dysphasia (fluent), the individual is able to:

Answer 10

Comprehend speech, but not verbally respond.

Question 11

What is the normal intracranial pressure (in mm Hg)?

Answer 11

Intracranial pressure is normally 5 to 15 mm Hg or 60 to 180 cm water (H2O)

Question 12

Cerebral edema is an increase in the fluid content of the brain’s

Answer 12

Tissue

Question 13

What type of cerebral edema occurs when permeability of the capillary endothelium increases after injury to the vascular structure?

Answer 13

Ischemic

Question 14

A communicating hydrocephalus is caused by an impairment of the:

Answer 14

Absorption of the CSF

Question 15

Which edema is most often observed with noncommunicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 15

Interstitial

Question 16

Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, and extremities?

Answer 16

Tardive

Question 17

Antipsychotic drugs cause tardive dyskinesia by mimicking the effects of increased_____

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

The existence of regular, deep, and rapid respirations after a severe closed head injury is indicative of neurologic injury to the

Answer 18

Lower midbrain

Question 19

What type of posturing exists when a person with a severe closed head injury has all four extremities in rigid extension with the forearms in hyper pronation and the legs in plantar extension?

Answer 19

Decerebrate

Question 20

Since his cerebrovascular accident, a man has been denying his left hemiplegia. What term is used to describe this finding?

Answer 20

Anosognosia is ignorance or denial of the existence of disease.

Question 21

After a cerebrovascular accident, a man is unable to either feel or identify a comb with his eyes closed. This is an example of

Answer 21

Tactile agnosia

Question 22

Most dysphasias are associated with cerebrovascular accidents involving which artery?

Answer 22

Middle cerebral

Question 23

Tactile agnosia is related to injury of which area of the brain?

Answer 23

Parietal

Question 24

Neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder?

Answer 24

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 25

The body compensates for a rise in intracranial pressure by first displacing the___

Answer 25

CSF

Question 26

Stage 1 intracranial hypertension is caused by the______

Answer 26

Displacement of cerebrospinal fluid, followed by compression of the cerebral venous system.

Question 27

Dilated and sluggish pupils, widening pulse pressure, and bradycardia are clinical findings evident of which stage of intracranial hypertension?

Answer 27

3

Question 28

Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil, following uncal herniation, is the result of pressure on which cranial nerve (CN)?

Answer 28

Oculomotor (CN III)

Question 29

Which characteristic is the most critical index of nervous system dysfunction?

Answer 29

Level of consciousness

Question 30

Diagnostic criteria for a persistent vegetative state include:

Answer 30

Return of autonomic functions such as gastrointestinal function

Question 31

Uncal herniation occurs when:

Answer 31

The hippocampal gyrus shifts from the middle fossa through the tentorial notch into the posterior fossa

Question 32

Which assessment finding marks the end of spinal shock?

Answer 32

Gradual return of spinal reflexes

Question 33

Characteristics of primary motor neuron atrophy include____

Answer 33

Fasciculations and muscle cramps

Question 34

The weakness resulting from the segmental paresis and paralysis characteristic of anterior horn cell injury is difficult to recognize because:

Answer 34

Two or more nerve roots supply each muscle.

Question 35

Parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the brain's_____

Answer 35

Basal ganglia

Question 36

Clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease are caused by a deficit in which of the brain's neurotransmitters?

Answer 36

Dopamine

Question 37

Tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities are a result of the atrophy of neurons in the brain's_____

Answer 37

Substantia nigra that produces dopamine.