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(48 cards)

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1
Q

B cells become memory cells under the influence of…

A

CD40

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2
Q

The T cell ligand which binds to CD80 on a professional antigen-presenting cell is:

A

CD28

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3
Q

For vaccination against mycobacterial diseases such as tuberculosis the most important facet of the immune response to be stimulated is:

A

cytotoxic Tcells

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4
Q

IgE mainly binds to receptors on:

A

Mast cells

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5
Q

The vaccine to human papilloma virus (HPV) is an example of which type?

A
  • subunit

- recombinant

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6
Q

main functions of neutrophils

A

bacterial killing

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7
Q

IgM antibodies can lyse

A

bacteria (in the presence of complement)

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8
Q

IgD antibodies are found on

A

the surface of B cells

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9
Q

NK cells lack receptors with

A

Specificity for MHC class II molecules

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10
Q

The uptake of antigen into the processing pathway for class II MHC restricted T cells can be initiated by

A

Surface immunoglobulin

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11
Q

Expression of MHC genes is

A

Codominant

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12
Q

what is An epitope

A

the area on an antigen which contacts antibody􏰄

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13
Q

The T-cell receptor for antigen is

A

a heterodimer

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14
Q

Examples of integrins are

A

LFA-1, VLA-4

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15
Q

Naïve lymphocytes enter the lymph nodes via

A

High endothelial venules

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16
Q

Eosinophils do not

A

stain with basic dyes

only acidic

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17
Q

Natural killer cells

A

a Contain serine proteases
b Respond to interferon
c Contain TNF

do not:Kill by only damaging the target cell outer membrane

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18
Q

Th2 CD4+ T cells

A
  • are responsible for the symptoms of asthma
  • help B cells by producing IL-4
  • Protective immunity against intestinal worm infections require Th2 cells
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19
Q

IL-5 is critical for the development of

A

eosinophils

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20
Q

A major source of IL-12 is

Study These Flashcards
A

dendritic cells

21
Q

Lysozyme:

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A

splits peptidoglycan (hydrolyses)

22
Q

Complement component C3 is cleaved by

23
Q

Th2 cells produce:

24
Q

Development of follicular helper T cells requires:

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A
  • IL6 and IL21

- Require the transcriptional repressor Bcl-6

25
IgA in mucus secretions
can coat potential pathogens
26
T cells have been harnessed as therapies specifically targeting tumours and metastatic disease.
TILs c Chimeric antigen receptor T cells d EBV-specific CTL
27
How do you create "passive immunity" in a host
Transfer serum from an immunised donor
28
what can distinguish between influenza viruses of different strains?
CD4+ T lymphocytes
29
MHC Class I molecules
They are polymorphic in their α1- and α2-domains
30
MHC Class II molecules present
antigens processed through the lysosome
31
CD28
controls the production of IL-2 by CD4+ T cells
32
functions associated with antibodies
- opsonisation - Complement activation - Virus neutralization
33
naïve B cells express
IgM
34
Natural Treg
CD4+CD25+; develop in thymus under control of specific transcription factor FoxP3; recognise self antigens; prevent autoimmunity by producing transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and by inhibiting APC – CTLA4 on surface of Treg removes CD80/CD86 from APC
35
Inducible Treg
recognise self or foreign antigens; differentiate from naïve CD4+ T cells after recognition of antigen in peripheral immune system; several subsets; some produce IL10 selectively (Tr1), but most are FoxP3+ and function in same way as natural Treg.
36
γδ T LYMPHOCYTES
- Recognise conserved, non-peptide antigens from pathogens (eg components of bacterial cell walls) and on damaged cells - Do not express CD4 or CD8; not MHC restricted
37
NK T LYMPHOCYTES
-Express natural killer molecule NK1.1 – mostly CD4+ T cells • Recognise lipids on pathogens • Not MHC restricted • Produce large amounts of cytokines early in immune response (IL4, γIFN) • Link innate and adaptive immune responses
38
class switching
whereby cells initially producing IgM class antibody, alter their heavy chain to produce IgG (or IgA) instead
39
Th17 cells
-produce IL17, IL22 -differentiation requires TGFβ, IL6 and IL23 - inhibited by γIFN IL17 recruits and activates cells of innate immune response such as neutrophils; IL22 induces anti-microbial peptides + tight junctions in intestine • Th17 cells involved in protection vs extracellular bacteria, fungi • Inappropriate activation of Th17 cells causes marked tissue inflammation
40
Th2 cells
-produce IL4, IL5, IL6, IL9, IL10, IL13 • Differentiation dependent on the cytokine IL4 • IL4 production favoured by products of helminth worms and other parasites • Th2 differentiation determined by transcription factor GATA-3 in T cells • IL4 is “switch factor” which induces B lymphocytes to produce IgE and IgG1 classes of antibodies
41
Inappropriate activation of Th2 cells causes
IgE mediated diseases - asthma, hay fever
42
• IL4, IL5, IL6 and IL13 needed for
B lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation during Ab production
43
Th1 cells
- produce γIFN - differentiation depends on IL12 (produced by DC or macrophages) - CD40 involved - Th1 cells important for protection vs intracellular pathogens
44
Inappropriate activation of Th1 cells leads to:
⇒ tissue inflammation and disease – eg arthritis, | inflammatory bowel disease
45
CD4+ Helper T Lymphocytes 60-70%
-Class II MHC restricted – recognise antigens taken up from outside APC • Activation dependent on expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD28
46
CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes 30-40%
Class I MHC restricted – recognise antigens synthesised in cytoplasm or nucleus of infected cell • Priming of naïve CD8+ T cell usually needs activated CD4+ T cells to provide IL2 for the CD8+ T
47
perforin
Perforin forms pores in cell membrane and intracellular vesicles of target cell
48
granzymes
Granzymes induce target cell death by apoptosis

Immunology (14 decks)

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