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1
Q

The men who volunteered for the Minnesota Starvation experiment were recruited from where?

A

Civilian public service

2
Q

What metabolic process would be active during the rehab process from Minnesota Starvation experiment after a meal?

A

Glycogenesis

3
Q

According to the findings of the Minnesota, what was the daily kilocalorie intake required for a person to recover from starvatioN?

A

4000

4
Q

Basal metabolic Rate BMR is best described as

A

The daily amount of energy required to maintain body function at rest

5
Q

Type 2 diabetes characterised by

A

Insulin insensitivity and resistance

6
Q

Which brain structure receives signals from leptin and ghrelin?

A

Hypothalamus

7
Q

In a healthy individual, low levels of leptin in the bloodstream tell the brain that fat stores are:

A

Low and we are at risk of starvation

8
Q

Using out past good behaviour as an excuse to indulge is an example of the:

A

Moral licensing effect

9
Q

False statement about self-control?

A

Self-control capacity is determined at a young age.

10
Q

Blood is supplied to the afferent arterioles by the…

A

Interlobular arteries

11
Q

The portion of the nephron responsible for filtering the blood is the…

A

Glomerulus

12
Q

Increases in both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are caused by which of the following:

  • dilation of efferent arterioles
  • increased glomerular filtration co-efficient
  • dilation of the afferent arterioles
  • increased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
A

Increased glomerular filtration co-efficient

Dilation of afferent arterioles

13
Q

Where is glucose reabsorbed in the nephron?

A

Proximal tubule

14
Q

Where is water reabsorbed in the nephron?

A

Descending loop of Henle

Collecting ducts

15
Q

Proteinuria is clinically significant in:

  • hypertensive patients
  • patients with diabetic neuropathy
  • late term pregnancy
  • all of the above
A

All of the above

16
Q

What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Reabsorption

17
Q

Which statement about the juxtaglomerular apparatus is incorrect?

  • high Na+ concentration in the filtrate can inhibit the secretion of renin
  • the macula densa cells of the distal convoluted tubule secrete renin
  • the macula densa cells of the distal convoluted tubule secrete an unknown substance
  • it is a location in each nephron where the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule contact each other
A

The macula densa cells of the distal convoluted tubule secrete renin

18
Q

The extracellular fluid concentration of which of the following ions is not primarily regulated by the kidney?

  • iron
  • bicarbonate
  • potassium
  • phosphate
A

Iron

19
Q

In kidney tubular epithelial cells, solutes are predominantly cotransported with:

  • Ca++ ions
  • Na+ ions
  • Cl- ions
  • K+ ions
A

Na+