Questions Flashcards
(36 cards)
Roach Formula
PSA + ([Gleason score - 6] x 10)
If <13 = 7% Risk SV involvement
If ≥13 = 37% Risk SV involvement
ICRU 50 criteria for PTV dose
V95% (dose) = 100% (volume)
D100%(volume) ≥ 95% (dose)
Poor outcomes Myeloma
t(4;14)
t(14;16)
deletion 17p
Burkitt’s Lymphoma genetics
t(8;14)
Mantle cell lymphoma genetics
t(11;14)
MALT genetics
t(11;18)
Follicular lymphoma
t(14;18)
Indications for avoiding lymph node dissection in vulva
Clinically absent disease with <2cm diameter and <1cm stromal invasion
Treating Stage IA Endometrial
If adverse features >2 treat; >60, deep myometrial invasion or high grade
When is pelvic lymph node dissection indicated in melanoma?
If ≥2 nodes positive
When is chemotherapy indicated in spermatocystic seminoma?
If localised disease, no chemotherapy indicated as not associated with metastatic spread.
Thy3 cytology from Thyroid lesion
Indicates diagnostic hemi-thyroidectomy. Suspiscious of neoplasm
Thy3f (follicular - majority), Thy3a (atypia)
Where do the following originate primarily; Glioma Meningioma Ependymoma Choroid Plexus Papillomas Schwannomas
Glioma - above the tentorium Meningioma - from the dura peripherally Ependymoma - from the ventricle lining Choroid Plexus Papillomas - smaller than 4cm Schwannomas - Eight nerve
Lung:
Which mutations are associated with a good response to TKI therapy
Exon 19 deletion
Exon 21 missense L858R
associated with a good response to TKI therapy
Exon G719x mutations <5%, but also associated with TKI response
Lung: Which mutations are associated with resistance to TKI therapy
Exon 20 T790M point mutation
Exon 20 insertions
KRAS mutations
How to perform a melanoma biopsy
Excision with 2cm margin
Indications for post-op radiotherapy for submandibular tumours
High grade tumours Large >4cm Adenoid cystic Residual neck disease or microscopic ECS from lymph nodes Following surgery for recurrent disease
International Prognostic Score for Hodgkin’s disease
ALL MASH
Age ≥45 Leucocytosis >15x 10^9 Lymphopenia <8% or absolute <0.6x10^9 Male Albumin <40 Stage IV Haem <10.5
Good 0-1
Fair 2-3
Poor 4-7
How to correct for stand off
Inverse square law
I/I2 = D^2/D2^2
Indications for post-operative radiotherapy after hysterectomy for cervical cancer
Postive pelvic lymph nodes
Postive parametrial involvement
Close resection margins <5mm
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia Genetic and Morphological characteristics
95% with CML, chromosomal translocation involving Chromosome 9 and 22
Fusion gene created by juxtapositioning Abl1 gene on chromosome 9 (region q34) to a part of the BCR gene on chromosome 22 (region q11).
The truncated chromosome 22 is known as the Philadelphia chromosome.
SCC genetics
CK6,7 and p63
Adenocarcinoma genetics
CDX-2 and CK20
RMI score
Predicts malignancy of ovarian mass based on ca125 (pre surgery), menopausal status and USS features
RMI = U x M x Ca125
U = 1
if; multilocular (septated) cyst, solid areas, bilateral lesions, ascites, intra-abdominal metastases.
U=3 if 2 or more features (RMI 1)
U=4 if 2 or more features (RMI 2)
M=1 if pre-menopausal
M=3 if post-menopausal (RMI 1)
M=4 if post menopausal (RMI 2)
RMI >200 Positive Predictive Value for malignancy of 70-80%
