Questions on Classification of Matter, States of Matter and KMT

Question 1

What are the types of mixtures?

Answer 1

Heterogenous and Homogenous

Question 2

What are the types of pure substances?

Answer 2

Elements and Compounds

Question 3

Mixture properties (3)

Answer 3

Are not in a fixed ratio.
Keep their physical properties.
Can be separated by mechanical means.

Question 4

Example of a homogenous mixture

Answer 4

Salt dissolved into water

Question 5

Examples of a heterogenous mixture

Answer 5

Cereal in milk (solid and liquid)
Oil in water (liquid and liquid)
Muddy water (solid and liquid)
Fizzy drinks (gas and liquid)

Question 6

What are four ways mixtures can be separated?

Answer 6

Heating the solution (causing the water to evaporate)
Using a magnet
Using a separating funnel
Fractional distillation

Question 7

Ways we can test for pure substances?

Answer 7

Melting point
Boiling point
Chromatography

Question 8

With chromatography if the substance (we are testing) is pure, chromatography will only produce ____ substance/s at the end.

Answer 8

One substance

Question 9

With chromatography if the substance (we are testing) is impure, chromatography will only produce ____ substance/s at the end.

Answer 9

Several/multiple substances

Question 10

What is the smallest unit of an element?

Answer 10

An atom

Question 11

How many elements do we know about?

Answer 11

118

Question 12

How many elements are officially named?

Answer 12

112

Question 13

What does the Periodic Table consist of?

Answer 13

Elements

Question 14

What are some examples of compounds? (3)

Answer 14

Water
Sodium chloride
Cardon dioxide

Question 15

Give examples of diatomic elements

Answer 15

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine

Question 16

What is the different between mixtures, elements and compounds when it comes to separation?

Answer 16

Elements - separation is not possible
Compounds - possible by chemical means
Mixtures - possible by physical means

Question 17

What are the vertical columns in the Periodic table called?

Answer 17

Groups

Question 18

What are the horizontal rows in the Periodic table called?

Answer 18

Periods

Question 19

What is an atomic number?

Answer 19

The number of protons which is also the number of electrons

Question 20

What is atomic mass?

Answer 20

The number of protons and neutrons

Question 21

How does a chemical compound form?

Answer 21

When two or more elements chemically bind in a constant ratio.

Question 22

What is the difference between a cation and a anion?

Answer 22

Cation - when an atom donates/loses an electron/s and forms a positive ion
Anion - when an atom accepts/gains electron/s and forms a negative ion.

(Both cations and anions are a type of ionic bond)

Question 23

What type of ions form Groups I-III in the Periodic Table?

Answer 23

Positive ions (cations)

Question 24

What type of ions form Groups V-VII in the Periodic Table?

Answer 24

Negative ions (anions)

Question 25

How to work out the ionic charge for Groups I-III?

Answer 25

Ionic charge=group number

Question 26

How to work out the ionic charge for Groups V-VII?

Answer 26

Ionic charge=group number minus 8

Question 27

What is another name for ionic charge?

Answer 27

Valency (Valence number)

Question 28

Elements are classified as 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________

Answer 28

Metals Semi-metals/Metalloids Non-metals

Question 29

Name the properties of metals

Answer 29

- Solids at room temperature - Malleable - Good conductors of heat - Good conductor of electricity - High melting point - High density - Shiny, metallic appearance

Question 30

Name some of the uses of metals

Answer 30

In saucepans, electric wires, jewellery, steel beams

Question 31

Where are metals positioned on the Periodic Table?

Answer 31

Left hand side

Question 32

Name the properties of non-metals

Answer 32

- Solids or gases at room temperature (Exception - Bromine is a liquid) - Brittle, breaks easily - Poor conductor of heat - Poor conductor of electricity - Low density - Opaque/dull appearance

Question 33

Name some of the uses of non-metals

Answer 33

Insulators for safety purposes | eg: plastic coating around conducting wires, handles of saucepans

Question 34

Where are non-metals positioned on the Periodic Table?

Answer 34

Right-hand side

Question 35

What are the seven semi-metals/metalloids?

Answer 35

``` Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium ```

Question 36

Name the properties of semi-metals/metalloids

Answer 36

- Look like metals but can be shiny or dull - Less dense than metals - Usually brittle - Semi-conductors (better than non-metals but not as well as metals)

Question 37

Name some of the uses of semi-metals/metalloids

Answer 37

Transistors | Microchips in computers and calculators

Question 38

Where are semi-metals/metalloids positioned on the Periodic Table?

Answer 38

Found on either side of the 'step' that separates metals and non-metals.

Question 39

Name some examples of electrical conductors

Answer 39

Metals: copper, aluminium | Non-metals: carbon in the form of graphite

Question 40

Name some examples of electrical insulators

Answer 40

Fibre-glass Plastic Ceramics

Question 41

Name some examples of (electrical) semi-conductors

Answer 41

Silicon | Germanium

Question 42

Name some examples of heat conductors

Answer 42

Copper | Aluminium

Question 43

Name some examples of heat insulators

Answer 43

Wood Rubber Plastic foam Wool/fur

Question 44

Name some examples of magnetic materials

Answer 44

Iron (Fe) Nickel (Ni) Cobalt (Co)

Question 45

Name some examples of non-magnetic materials

Answer 45

Metals: Copper (Cu) Manganese (Mn) Tin (Sn) Non-metals: wood, glass, plastic

Question 46

What are the three states/phases of matter?

Answer 46

Solid Liquid Gas

Question 47

What is the freezing point of water?

Answer 47

0 degrees Celsius

Question 48

What is the melting point of water?

Answer 48

0 degrees Celsius

Question 49

What is the boiling point of water?

Answer 49

100 degrees Celsius