quickies Flashcards
1
Q
obstruction of biliary tract leading to infx
A
cholangitis
2
Q
stone in CBD
A
choledocholithiasis
3
Q
dilated submucosal veins in pts with portal HTN
A
esophageal varices
4
Q
how do you treat an anorectal abcess
A
surgical drainage
5
Q
decreased intestinal peristalsis assoc with surgery or trauma
A
paralytic ileus
(type of bowel obstruction)
6
Q
a tear in the anoderm (MC posterior) that causes hematachezia and feels like a tear w/ BMs?
A
anal fissure
7
Q
when is f/u for h pylori tx
A
4 weeks after tx
8
Q
a tumor that hypersecretes gastrin and causes recurrent duodenal ulcers
A
zollinger-ellison syndrome
9
Q
on Ba swallow, esophageal body looks like a “bird’s beak”
A
achalasia
10
Q
GB issues assoc. with fever and chills
A
cholecystitis
cholangitis
11
Q
“coffee grounds” in poop or vom should make you think
A
ulcer
12
Q
A
13
Q
what causes 50% of all UGI bleeds?
A
ulcers
14
Q
screening guidelines for colon cancer
A
occult blood test q1y
colonoscopy q10y
nobody does flex sig but that’s q5y
ages 50-75
15
Q
procedure for achalasia that cuts the LES surrounding muscles
A
myotomy
16
Q
dx and tx of choledocholithiasis and cholangitis
A
ERCP
17
Q
when is ALT elevated
A
in chronic inflam/damage
specific to liver
18
Q
on endoscopy you see vesicles
A
HSV esophagitis
19
Q
what differentiates the pain of a PUD from GERD?
A
gnawing, hunger-like
nocturnal awakening
20
Q
procedure that uses an endoscope and a balloon to widen the esophageal muscles
A
pneumatic dialtion
(for achalasia + webs + rings)
21
Q
procedure where the gastric fundus is wrapped around the lower end of the esophagus
for GERD/hiatal hernia
A
nissen fundoplication
22
Q
low ceruloplasmin
A
wilson’s disease
23
Q
autosomal recessive
pt is male and 50y with systemic problems (heart and joint, DM) and gray skin
A
hemachromatosis
24
Q
lab value indicative of:
POSThepatic obstruction
(e.g. cholestasis)
A
direct bilirubin
25
thin membranes of squamous mucosa in mid to upper esophagus that causes dysphagia to solid food
esophageal web
26
esoph web + Fe def + glossitis
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
27
ERCP can induce:
pancreatitis
28
what sx would make you suspect gastritis
it's often asx
go by history
29
treating mallory-weiss syndrome
maybe self-limiting
endoscope to control bleeding
30
preferred way to **screen/preven****t colon cancer**
colonoscopy q10y
31
what type of esophageal motility d/o is hypercontractility?
nutcracker
32
gold standard for treating anal fissures
(after sitz and softeners and HC)
internal anal sphincterectomy
33
doc for pud?
PPIs
34
dx of diverticular dz
CT
35
life-threatening GB disorder
cholangitis
36
MRCP shows beading of the bile ducts
primary biliary cirrhosis
37
also has a lung disorder
alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency
38
man comes in with severe rectal pain that is worse with straining and sitting and on DRE you feel a palpable fluctuant mass
anorectal abcess + fistula
39
dx of exclusion characterized by abd pain, bloating, changing bowel habits MC seen in females before age 45
IBS
40
female
fat
forty
fair
fertile
risks for GB disorders
e.g. cholelithiasis
41
a) bright red in color, painless hemorrhoids
b) bluish in color, painful hemorrhoids
a) internal
b) external
42
colon d/os that can be an emergency
bowel obstruction
ischemic bowel
toxic megacolon
43
A**S**T greater than ALT
alcohol (2:1)
drug toxicity
**(think S is larger = Substance problem)**
44
occurs in infants and elderly, twisting of the intestines
volvulus
| (type of bowel obstruction)
45
swollen, fragile vessels in the colon caused by aging and degeneration that is a common cause of maroonish blood in the stool in the elderly
angiodysplasia
46
MC cause of esoph varices?
liver cirrhosis
47
caused by leakage of cecum contents which leads to a blockage
treated with surgery
appendicitis
48
lab value
if elevated with alk phos is specific to liver obstruction
GGTP
49
s/s of esoph varices rupture?
hematemesis + pt looks like death
50
gall stones are composed of either:
cholesterol (75%)
Ca salts
51
apple core lesion on contrast XR
colon cancer
52
what is the MC esopheageal d/o
GERD
53
4 drug tx for h pylori?
PPI 2x daily
tetracycline
metronidazole
bismuth
54
5 things causing gastritis
stress
NSAIDs
alcohol
h pylori
z-e syndrome
55
autoimmune d/o of the small intestine
when in babies causes irritability, anxiety, anorexia and distension
celiac disease
56
1st line tx for GERD
2nd line tx for GERD
h2r blockers
PPIs
57
what's goodsall's rule
with fistula in ano
if it's anterior, it's straight
if it's posterior, it's curved
58
lab value indicative of:
PREhepatic obstruction
(e.g. RBC hemolysis)
indirect bilirubin
59
gold standard dx test for ischemic bowel
mesenteric angiogram
60
autosomal recessive related to Cu overload
wilson's disease
61
caused by congenital causes or chronic GERD scarring
esophageal ring
62
a patient with IBD has abd pain and no bowel sounds are heard on PE
toxic megacolon
63
no s/s
A**L**T greater than AST
lots of liver texture on US
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
64
which type of ulcer is 5x more common
duodenal
65
MC cause of rectal bleeding
anal fissure
66
s/s: early bowel sounds heard early, decreased bowel sounds heard late, cramping, no stool or liquidy stool, dull to percussion
bowel obstruction
67
after some event, the distal esophagus gets an intraluminal mucosal tear caused by increased intraabdominal pressure
mallory-weiss syndrome
68
occurs when the cystic duct becomes blocked
cholecystitis
69
alcoholic with jaundice, HSM, ascites
alcoholic hepatitis
70
what is a polyp that is benign but premalignant and can be sessile or pedunculated?
adenoma
71
CHARCOT'S TRIAD
abd pain
jaundice
fever
(seen in cholangitis)
72
is chrons or UC more common?
UC
73
man with ulcerative colitis is likely to develop this liver disease
primary biliary cirrhosis
74
dx/tx of esophageal varices rupture?
emergent endoscopy
variceal ligation
75
3 common steps for diagnosing things in the colon
1. colonoscopy
2. CT
3. angio
76
s/s: odynophagia, dysphagia, chest pain
cause: 50% of the time caused by GERD
esophagitis
77
fluctuant mass with erythematous base and purulent d/c at the gluteal cleft
pilonidal cyst
78
what hepatocytes look like if they are damaged
fibrotic + oval cells
79
painless hematemesis after trauma, straining, seizures
mallory-weiss syndrome
80
how do you dx an esophageal spasm
barium swallow
81
anal crypts that have been obstructed by glands and may become infected
anorectal abcess +/- fistula
82
difficulty passing stool in more than 25% of poop events for more than 3 months
constipation
83
smoking causes _____ esoph cancer and alcohol causes _____ esoph cancer
smoke: adenocarcinoma
etoh: SCC
84
what type of esopheageal motility d/o is no LES relaxation/aperistalsis?
achalasia
85
hereditary cause of indirect bilirubin
causes icteric sclera, jaundice, and acute illness at birth
Gilbert's disease
86
what's the MC anorectal problem at age 50+
hemorrhoids
87
what are the 2 h pylori dx tests
fecal antigen test
c-urea breath test
88
pt with lupus has high liver enzymes and a + ANA
how do you dx
prob autoimmune hepatitis
bx
89
3 drug tx for h pylori?
PPI 2x daily
amox
clarithromycin
90
when the LES and part of stomach move up into the chest
hiatal hernia
91
obesity puts you at an increased risk for what esoph cancer
AC
92
"telescoping" of the intestine (folds in on itself)
intussusception
| (type of bowel obstruction)
93
Barrett's esophagus puts you at an increased risk for what type of cancer
adenocarcinoma
94
A**L**T greater than AST
viral
fatty liver
(**think L is larger = Long-term)**
95
dx cholelithiasis and cholecystitis
US
96
preferred way to **screen/detect polyps**
immunochemical based fecal occult blood test
97
lab test pathognomonic for hemochromatosis
HFE gene analysis
98
causes 50% of lower GI bleeds/BRBPR
diverticul**osis**
99
how do you manage a barrett's esophagus
endoscopy with bx q 2y
100
what is another name for an esophageal ring
Schatzki's ring
101
chron's vs UC:
a) causes loose, bloody stool
b) causes massive amounts of lg diarrhea +/- mucus and blood
a) UC
b) chron's
102
tx for tylenol OD
N-acetylcysteine
103
2 reasons a PUD happens
1. impaired mucosal defense factors (e.g. nsaids)
2. overwhelmed defense factors (e.g. infx)
104
what lab value do you order that is unique to IBD?
ASCA
105
caused by high cholesterol, nucleation of cholesterol, or gall bladder hypomotility
cholelithiasis
106
esophageal cancer is most often this type
adenocarcinoma
107
chron's vs UC:
a) causes full GI lesions
b) causes colonic lesions
a) chron's
b) UC
108
when is AST elevated
in acute inflammation/damage
not specific to liver
109
skin manifestation of some people with celiac disease\*
dermatitis herpetiformis
110
pt with a fatty diet who looks thin and reports colic pain and has elevated alk phos.. suspect?
colon cancer
111
Kayser-Fleischer rings around iris are pathognomonic for
wilson's disease
112
ring of tissue at junction of esoph + stomach that causes dysphagia to large bolus
esophageal ring
113
dxing mallory-weiss syndrome
endoscopy
