Quix 11/12

Question 1

____ system and ____ system work together to help us breath

Answer 1

respiratory and circulatory

Question 2

Blood is ___ tissue

Answer 2

Connective

Question 3

Erythrocytes can be found in ____

Answer 3

blood

Question 4

Characteristics of Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Answer 4

Transport oxygen using hemoglobin; lack nuclei in mammals, allowing more space for hemoglobin​

Question 5

Characteristics of Heme

Answer 5

-Protein containing heme binds to oxygen
-Heme is also in
myoglobin, where it stores oxygen for use in your muscles
-

Question 6

charcterstics of Leukocytes (White Blood Cells):

Answer 6

Involved in immune response; types include:
Neutrophils: Target bacteria and fungi.
Eosinophils: Respond to large parasites and allergic reactions.
Basophils: Produce histamine for inflammation.
Lymphocytes (B and T cells): B cells create antibodies; T cells attack infected cells.
Monocytes: Transform into macrophages that engulf debris and pathogens​

Question 7

what is Plasma and Blood as Connective Tissue

Answer 7

Plasma is the fluid component of blood, mostly water, but also contains proteins, sugars, fats, clotting factors, and gases. Blood functions as connective tissue due to its cellular components suspended in plasma (a ground substance)​

Question 8

Blood Pressure in Arteries vs. Veins and Structural Differences:

Answer 8

Arteries experience higher pressure and have thicker walls with more elastic tissue to withstand it, while veins have thinner walls, more valves to prevent backflow, and hold about 70% of blood volume​

Question 9

Systole vs. Diastole:

Answer 9

During atrial systole, the atria contract to fill the ventricles. In ventricular systole, ventricles contract, closing atrioventricular valves and opening semilunar valves to push blood out​

Question 10

Generation and Transmission of Electrical Impulses in the Heart:

Answer 10

The sinoatrial (SA) node generates electrical impulses, which are relayed to the atrioventricular (AV) node and then through Purkinje fibers to coordinate heart contractions​

Question 11

Functions of the Digestive System:

Answer 11

Key functions include obtaining food, mechanical and chemical breakdown, nutrient absorption, detoxification, and waste excretion​

Question 12

what are Oral Seals:

Answer 12

Oral seals prevent food from entering the respiratory tract and help keep food in the mouth while chewing, providing protection and ensuring efficient processing​

Question 13

what are Choanae and the Secondary Palate:

Answer 13

Choanae are internal nasal openings; the secondary palate in mammals moves these openings to the back of the mouth, separating respiratory and digestive pathways to allow simultaneous breathing and chewing​

Question 14

Basic Structure of the Alimentary Canal:

Answer 14

Consists of four layers: mucosa (epithelial layer), submucosa (connective tissue with blood vessels), muscularis externa (smooth muscle for peristalsis), and serosa/adventitia (outermost connective tissue)​

Question 15

Regions of the Stomach and Their Glands:

Answer 15

Cardia: Has mucus-secreting cardiac glands.
Fundus: Contains fundic glands that produce mucus, hydrochloric acid, and enzymes.
Pylorus: Contains pyloric glands that neutralize acid before food enters the intestine​

Question 16

Digestive Glands and Their Products:

Answer 16

Liver: Produces bile, stored in the gallbladder, which emulsifies fats in the small intestine.
Pancreas: Secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum; also produces insulin and glucagon for blood sugar regulation​

Question 17

Teeth: Attachment Types, Homo vs. Heterodonty, Dental Formulae:

Answer 17

Attachment Types: Teeth are anchored via different attachment types to jaws.

Homo- vs. Heterodonty: Homodonty means similar-shaped teeth, while heterodonty refers to specialized teeth types.

Dental Formulae: Represents the number and types of teeth; for example, “I2/2, C1/1, P2/2, M3/3” shows incisors, canines, premolars, and molars on each side​

Question 18

Intestine Structure and Tissue Layers:

Answer 18

The intestine includes mucosa (absorptive cells and blood vessels), submucosa (support tissue), muscularis externa (muscle layers for movement), and serosa/adventitia (connective tissue)

Question 19

Small vs. Large Intestine and Foregut vs. Hindgut Fermentation:

Answer 19

The small intestine is primarily for nutrient absorption, while the large intestine reabsorbs water and processes waste. Foregut fermenters digest plant material in specialized stomach compartments, whereas hindgut fermenters rely on the large intestine and cecum for fermentation​(Lecture19_DigestiveSyst…).