quiz 11/12 practice Flashcards
(15 cards)
Why do erythrocytes in mammals lack nuclei and most organelles?
A) To enhance their immune functions.
B) To increase space for hemoglobin, allowing more efficient oxygen transport.
C) To allow faster movement through capillaries.
D) To increase lifespan in circulation.
B) To increase space for hemoglobin, allowing more efficient oxygen transport
Which of the following best describes the primary function of neutrophils?
A) They produce histamine in response to allergens.
B) They target and destroy virus-infected cells.
C) They are the first responders against bacteria and fungi.
D) They transform into macrophages in tissues.
C) They are the first responders against bacteria and fungi
In which layer of the blood vessel wall would you find smooth muscle that primarily regulates vessel diameter?
A) Tunica intima
B) Tunica media
C) Tunica adventitia
D) Endothelial layer
B) Tunica media
What role do myeloid progenitor cells play in hematopoiesis?
A) They differentiate into lymphocytes only.
B) They give rise to red blood cells, platelets, and certain white blood cells.
C) They transform into stem cells that create all blood cell types.
D) They are found only in adults.
B) They give rise to red blood cells, platelets, and certain white blood cells
During ventricular systole, which of the following occurs?
A) The atria contract to fill the ventricles.
B) The ventricles relax, allowing the atria to fill with blood.
C) The ventricles contract, closing atrioventricular valves and opening semilunar valves.
D) Both the atria and ventricles are relaxed.
C) The ventricles contract, closing atrioventricular valves and opening semilunar valves
Which part of the heart initiates the electrical impulse that coordinates heartbeats?
A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
B) Sinoatrial (SA) node
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Bundle of His
B) Sinoatrial (SA) node
Autoregulation in the circulatory system is essential for which organs to maintain consistent blood flow without signals from the brain?
A) Heart, liver, and lungs
B) Brain, heart, and kidneys
C) Muscles, bones, and skin
D) Kidneys, pancreas, and spleenB) Brain, heart, and kidneys
B) Brain, heart, and kidneys
Which oral seal prevents food from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing?
A) The lips
B) The tongue and soft palate
C) The epiglottis
D) The hard palate
C) The epiglottis
The secondary palate in mammals has evolved to relocate the choanae (internal nasal openings). What advantage does this provide?
A) It enables simultaneous breathing and chewing.
B) It improves the sense of smell.
C) It aids in vocalization.
D) It increases food absorption.
A) It enables simultaneous breathing and chewing
Which layer of the alimentary canal contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and a nerve supply?
A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis externa
D) Serosa
B) Submucosa
The pyloric glands in the stomach primarily produce:
A) Hydrochloric acid for protein digestion
B) Enzymes for nutrient breakdown
C) Mucus to neutralize acid entering the intestine
D) Bile for fat digestion
C) Mucus to neutralize acid entering the intestine
Bile, essential for fat digestion, is produced by the ______ and stored in the ______ before entering the duodenum.
A) Gallbladder; pancreas
B) Liver; pancreas
C) Liver; gallbladder
D) Pancreas; liver
C) Liver; gallbladder
In mammals, which type of dentition describes having different types of teeth with specialized functions?
A) Homodonty
B) Heterodonty
C) Monodonty
D) Isodonty
B) Heterodonty
Which of the following is unique to the large intestine and differentiates it from the small intestine?
A) Presence of villi for nutrient absorption
B) Extensive role in water absorption and waste processing
C) Primary site for protein digestion
D) Presence of goblet cells for mucus production
B) Extensive role in water absorption and waste processing
Foregut fermentation is primarily associated with which anatomical location in certain herbivores?
A) Stomach and rumen
B) Large intestine and cecum
C) Small intestine and duodenum
D) Pancreas and liver
A) Stomach and rumen
