quiz 1 Flashcards by Olivia Torres

order matter from smallest to largest

atoms- molecules- molecular properties- macroscopic (bulk) properties

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what is H2O

water molecule

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How many atoms of each is in H2O

2 Hydrogen and 1 oxygen

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properties of H2O

Stable; required for all known life

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What is H2O2

hydrogen peroxide molecule

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How many atoms of each in a hydrogen peroxide molecule?

2 Hydrogen, 2 oxygen

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Properties of Hydrogen peroxide molecule

highly reactive; component in rocket fuel

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Name of DHMO

Dihydrogen Monoxide (aka hydroxl acid)

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Properties of DHMO

active greenhouse gas, major component of acid rain, major component to erosion, present in major storms, corrosive to metals, induces electrical failure

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human health risks of DHMO

can cause severe burns, found in tumors, inhalation can be life threatening

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A pure substance can be a ____ or ____

element or compound

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Ex of pure element

H2 (hydrogen)

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Ex of pure compound

H2O; Fe2O3

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2 types of mixtures

homogenous: heterogeneous

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What are the states of matter

solid, liquid, gas

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Physical changes dont change ____

molecular composition

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sublimation

solid->gas

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deposition

gas-> solid

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what is a chemical change

molecular composition changes; product molecules distinct from initial molecules

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a production of CO2 and water is known as

clean burning

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Intensive vs extensive

intensive doesnt depend on sample size; extensive does

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identify the intensive and extensive variables of d=m/v

d=intensive; extensive= m&v

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units of distance

km, m, cm, mm, (mu)m, nm

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units of mass

kg, g, mg, Da

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units of time

h, m, s, ms, (mu)s, ns, ps, fs

temp units

K, mK

amount units

mole, mmol, (mu)mol

Electric current units

A, mA, (mu)A

luminous intensity units

cd (candela)

Fahrenheit to Celsius

(F-32)/1.8=C

Celsius to Kelvin

K=C+273.15

combustion reaction produces: exception?

CO2 + water; exception = hydrogen produces water

what are elements composed of

atoms

what are atoms

very small units; if they are of the same elemnt they are identical and distinct from other elements

what are compunds composed of

atoms in a whole # ratio

What is the only thing that can change atoms

nuclear reactions

what do chemical reactions do

rearrange atoms; none are created or destroyed

what is the structure of an atom like

most of the mass is in the nucleus which is very small in the center and the rest is open space

what does the nucleus of an atom contain

protons and neutrons

what is the charge of a proton and what is its mass

+ and 1 amu

what is the charge of a neutron and what is its mass

no charge and 1 amu

what is the charge of an electron and what is its mass

- and almost zero mass (1000x's smaller than a proton)

what are neutral atoms

atoms that have the same amount of protons and electrons

what is the defining feature of an element

proton # and electrons come and go

what does an element to the -1 power mean ex: F-1

gains an electron

What is atomic number

Z=#p

What is mass number

A= #p + #n

What defines an isotope

mass number

what is an isotope

same #p but different neutrons

element notation

A/Z X

what is a molecule

>1 atoms

what is a diatomic molecule

2 atoms

what is a cation

positive charge; lost an electron

what is an anion

negative charge and gained an electron

what is an ionic compund

2 cations

what never changes in the nucleus: what is the exception

proton #; nuclear change

periods vs groups

periods are horizontal and groups are vertical

Group 1 name on periodic table

alkali metals

Group 2 name on periodic table

alkaline earth metals

Group 3-12 name on periodic table

transitional metals

What is the diagonal strip called of elements near group 13

metaloids

Group 17 name on periodic table

halogen

Group 18 name on periodic table

noble gases

Group of elements next to halogens name on periodic table

non metals

what kind of reaction is sodium and water; why does it occur

exothermic Na is unstable

what kind of reaction is potassium and water

exothermic

charge of group 1

charge of group 2

Charge of Ag

charge of Zn

charge of Al

Charge of group 14-17

4-, 3-, 2-, 1-

what is an empirical formula

represents the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a molecule (reduced)

are cations usually metals or non metals; anions?

cations bare usually metals and anions are usually nonmetals

what do ionic compounds need to have

a neutral charge

How do you predict the ionic compound formula

cross the charges

quiz 1 Flashcards

(76 cards)