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quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

define cosmetic science

A

cosmetic science is the study of the effects raw materials and mixtures have on parts of the human body like hair skin and nails
it is involved with developing, formulating and producing cosmetic and personal care products

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2
Q

what are the branches of cosmetic science

A

anatomy and physiology
chemistry \pharmacology
formulation technology
current rules and regulations
analytical sciences
microbiology
customer needs
marketing and business

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3
Q

define cosmetics

A

articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, sprayed on, introduced into or applied on the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering appearance without affecting the structure of function.

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4
Q

define drugs (2)

A

articles intended for the diagnosis, cure mitigation treatment or prevention of diseases or
articles other than food intended to affect the structure or any function of the body of man or other animals

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5
Q

what is the legal differentiator between a cosmetic and a drug

A

the products intended use i.e what the product is used for

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6
Q

what is the common factor between otc-drugs and cosmetics (2)

A

purchased without a prescription
safe and effective for the use by the general public

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7
Q

define otc-drug-cosmetic products
give examples

A

they meet the definition of both otc drugs and cosmetics, they can be cosmetic and drugs at the same time
toothpaste that prevents tooth decay
deodrants antiperspirants
mouthwash to prevent or treat gingivitis

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8
Q

what are the other terms

A

personal care products
decorative care products
makeup
color cosmetics

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9
Q

advertisement terms

A
  1. cosmeceuticals
  2. nutraceuticals
  3. organic products
  4. cruelty free products
  5. hypoallergenic products
  6. preservative free products
  7. clinically proven claims
  8. patented formula claims
  9. dermatologist recommended claims
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10
Q

explain microbial growth in cosmetics

A

a cosmetic roduct which has a high water content is a good medium for microbial growth and the additional components in the product can serve as nutrient for the microorganisms.
a contaminated producted which shows no visible signs of contamination is more dangrous than preservatives.

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11
Q

what can otc drug cosmetics be classifed based on?

A

target group
dosage form
legal status
applications
fucnctions

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12
Q

target group (4)

A

babies
teenagers
women
men

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13
Q

dosage forms (6)

A

creams ointments lotions
solutions gels powders

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13
Q

others classification

A

skincare haircare oralcare
lip facial makeup

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14
Q

legal status (2)

A

cosmetic products
drug cosmetic products

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15
Q

applications (6)

A

body lips nails
face hair hands

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16
Q

functions (6)

A

cleansing
moisturing
facal creams
eye makeup
hand creams
aftershave

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17
Q

what are dosage forms based on

A

physical and pharmaceutical properties

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18
Q

define cosmetic “dosage form”

A

the final physical form of a mixture of chemicals that the consumers can take in their hands, purchase and use as cometic or drug cosmetic products

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19
Q

what is w/o/w emulsion

A

it is a type of double emulsion in which water droplets are dispersed into oil droplets

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20
Q

define a solution
the 3 types and their examples
describe its stability

A

a solution is a clear homogenous liquid consisting of one or more chemical ingredients dissolved in a solvent or a mixture of two mutually miscible solvents
it is thermodynamically stable
water based solutions - water is vehicle eg. eye makeup remover, shampoo, hand soap
hydroalcoholic - water and alcohol is the vehicle - eg. facial toner, hair spray, mouthwash
anhydrous - non water
organic vehicle solvent - base coat and nail polish remover
oily solvent - afterbath oirls, prewaxing oils

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21
Q

preparation of solutions

A

solids that need heating are dissolved in the solvent first
easily evaporating and colored pigments are added later to avoid loss of product and denaturation or change in their chemical composition

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22
Q

define an emulsion
describe the stability
2 common types
2 uncommon types

A

emulsion is a two phase system consisting of two immiscible phases
the dispersed or internal phase
an the external of continous phase
they are thermodynamically in
stable and separate over time
o/w - shampoo, facial moisturizing creams
w/o - diaper rash creams, sunscreens, barrier creams
w/si - cosmetic erspective, nice skin feel, fast drying effect, foundation, eye shadow, sunscreens
w/o/w - complex double emulsion

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23
Q

define an emulsion
describe the stability
2 common types
2 uncommon types

A

emulsion is a two phase system consisting of two immiscible phases
the dispersed or internal phase
an the external of continous phase with one or more emulsifying agents
they are thermodynamically in
stable and separate over time
o/w - shampoo, facial moisturizing creams
w/o - diaper rash creams, sunscreens, barrier creams
w/si - cosmetic erspective, nice skin feel, fast drying effect, foundation, eye shadow, sunscreens
w/o/w - complex double emulsion

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24
why are emulsions preferred what are the two sub categories
unique structure good skin feel deliver both hydrophillic and hydrophobic substances as they can incorporate both lotiosn and creams
25
state the difference and eg of lotions and creams
lotions high water content good flowability good skin feel continuous free flowing non greasy aftershave balm cleansing milk creams high oil content poor flowability greasy moisturizing creams
26
name the two emulsifiers
w/o emulsifer with high HLB value promoyes formation of oil in water emulsion o/w emulsifer with low HLB value promotes formation of water in oil emulsion
27
define ointment its composition ________ in nature and provides a _________ microbial contamination examples
ointment is a semi solid containing <20% of water (might be anhydrous) and >50% hydrocarbons, polyols and waxes occlusive in nature and provides a seal over the skin lower microbial contamination due to less water content eg. hair pomade and diaper rash ointments
28
define paste why are they hard to remove with water composition eg
paste is a semi solid dosage form with a large proportion 20-50% solids finely dispersed in a fatty vehicle regular pastes are anhydrous based on a fatty vehicle and thats why highly adhesive to surfaces and hard to remove with water eg. toothpastes are water based formulations that mix well with saliva
29
define suspension composition and eg (3 types) define stability and stokes law
suspension is a liquid doage form consisiting of solids undissolved dispersed in a liquid vehicle water based hydroalcoholic - liquid colored cosmetics containing pigments facial and body toners anhydrous - lipstick, mascara, eyeliner suspensions are thermodynamically instable and tend to separate over time i.e the particles due to gravitation tend to sediment stokes law, by altering the viscosity and particle size of the dispersed phase we can achieve increased suspension stability higher the viscosity lower the sedimentation rate lighter the weight of the particles i.e smaller the particle size, slower the sedimentation rate
30
define powders acc to FDA
powders are a intimate mixture of dry finely divided chemicals
31
describe loose and compact powders with examples what are the binders
loose powders are free flowing mixtures of different dry solid chemicals eg. mineral facial powders baby powders bath salts compressed powders are a blend of finely divided powders compacted via compression eye shadows and facial powders binders - zinc stearate starch and triglycerides
32
define capsule
solid dosage form soft gelatin capsules conatins oily liquid tab broken to release products inside eg. anti aging serum
33
define gel according to fda 2 egs. water content combination of toothpaste and gel
gel is a semi solid dosage form that contains a gelling agent to provide stiffness to a solution or colloidal dispersion increase viscosity and have a complex internal structure may contain fragrance beads or exfoliating beads water based - facial ceansers hydroalcoholic formulations- hair styling gels and hand sanitizers higher amount of water and water evaporates leaving a cooling effect - sunscreens and aftershave gels combination of toothpaste and gel - cleaning and polishing the teeth for stain removal
34
define stick
stick is a solid dosage form made of waxes and smaller amount of oils acive ingredients delivered by a rubbing action eg. sunscreen and antiperspirants eg. lipstick, blush, concealers
35
define aerosol eg. of dosage forms that can be packaged as aerosols eg. of aerosols
an aerosol is a product that is packaged under pressure and contains various ingredients that are released upon activating an appropriate valve system lotions creams and suspensions hair spray and shaving cream
36
what are two most important laws pertaining to cosmetics marketed in the United States
the federal food drug and cosmetics act (FD&C act) the fair packaging and labelling act (FPLA)
37
what are the laws of fda regarding registrations and restrictions of cosmetic products in the US
the cosmetic manufacturers are not required to register their cosmetic manufacturing establishments witht he fda and the cosmetic ingredients or raw materials do not require any premarket approval from the fda the manufacturers can use any raw materials they want as ingredients restrictions only apply for color additives and a small number of prohibited or restricted ingredients as well as active ingredients
38
who is responsible for the safety of cosmetic products
the cosmetic manufacturers are responsible for substantiating the safety of their products and ingredients before marketing
39
what are the rules for cosmetics imported to the us
all cosmetics imported to the US are subject to the same laws and regulations as those manufactured in the US
40
can the Us make an order for mandatory recall of a product
no, it is a voluntary action
41
when can the fda take a egal authoritative action against cosmetic manuafcturer
if they continue to market a defective product
42
why is the fda logo not allowed on cosmetics
since the products are not registered with the fda and logo is not allowed it may mislead consumers to think the product with a logo is better than the one which does not have it
43
labelling and packaging of a cosmetic product are regulated by?
the FD&C act the fair packaging and labelling act
44
what is the EU regulation what do they aim
EU regulation 1223/2009 aims at ensuring that the consumers health is protected and they are well informed by monitoring the composition and labelling of the products
45
what are the sections in the EU regulation
registration of the manufacturing facilities and products premarket approval manufacturing use of ingredients testing and product safety packaging and labelling
46
what is the regulatory authority in the kingdom of bahrain what does it determine
ministry of health bahrain the registration procedure detrmines whether or not the product meets the safety and performance requirement outlined in applicable legislations and standards
47
According to the Bahraini Regulations, products must meet certain criteria, including:
- being free from pork or its derivatives - being safe for human health under normal and reasonably foreseeable conditions of use - being stable and having properties that impact safety, efficacy and quality that does not change during its shelf life - being free from filthy and decomposed substances
48
what do gmps provide
main aim is to prevent harm from occuring to the end consumer
49
what are GMPs
GMPs are guidelines that provide minimum requirement that manufacturers must meet to ensure that their products are high in quality consistently from batch to batch
50
The FDA’s guideline can effectively help manufacturers self-inspect their operations and provides recommendations for the following areas:
Documentation and Records ▪ Buildings and facilities ▪ Equipment ▪ Personnel ▪ Raw materials ▪ Production ▪ Laboratory controls ▪ Internal audit ▪ Complaints, adverse events, and recalls. location machinery processing sanitary maintenance personnel
51
what does designing and formulation of a skincare product depend on
the structure of the human skin, its main functions and the indication of the product
52
what is the role of the skin
physical defense role, immune metabolic and uv protection function
53
what does the skin layer include
epidermis - stratum corneum and active epidermis -dermis - subcutaneous fat layer
54
what is the startum corneum
stratum corneum is a structured layer with stratum corneum cells embedded in a lipid layer which acts as a barrier of any penetrations
55
define epidermis
outermost barrier layer has a protective function against external influences - stratum corneum 15-30 layers of dead cells - stratum lucidum 3-5 layers of dead cells - stratum granulosum - cells begin to die - stratum spinosum - lipid and protein synthesis - stratum basale - single layer of divided cells
56
define stratum corneum whats it called its layers function of its layers
stratum cornuem is the outermost layer of the skin natural barrier brick and mortar stucture - unqiue sebum, natural moisturizing factor, corneocyte, intercellular lipid matrix, comeodesomosome, cornified lipid envelope covalently bound lipids provide a hydrophobic surface tot he corneocytes which is important for water barrier function corneocytes contain a blend of hygroscopic compounds collectively referred to as the natural moisturizing factor
57
what is keratinization
its a dynamic process of epidermal renewal begins in the basal layer where new skin cells called keratinocytes are formed and continually pushed upward by the time they reach the SC they are dead cells keratinization and shedding are continuous processes
58
define dermis and its layers
dermis is the layer under the epidermis and functions as a supporting frame for the epidermis providing nutrients and oxygen via the blood capillaries - sebaceous gland- all over the body except palsm of hand and soles of feet. largest and most conc in the face and scalp which gives rise to acne and other skin diseases - nerve endings - to transmit sensory signals such as touch, pain, pressure and temperature from the skin - blood vessels - to provide nutrients and oxygen to the epidermis sweat glands
59
define hypodermis
it is aloose connective tissue that stores fat in fat cells
60
what is the moisture content of the skin
including dermis and epidermis it is 80%
61
describe skin classification according to moisture content
normal water content - soft, smooth, glowing low water content - dry, itchy, tight
62
describe the movement of water in the skin
there is a continuous movement of water in the skin from the deeper to the superficial layers where the water evaporates
63
skin can be classified generally by? cosmetically relevant groups?
gender, color, uv sensitivity, vulnerability, oiliness, healthiness, special needs among others sensitivity to ultraviolet light based on hydration state and lipid content gender
63
skin can be classified generally by? cosmetically relevant groups?
gender, color, uv sensitivity, vulnerability, oiliness, healthiness, special needs among others sensitivity to ultraviolet light based on hydration state and lipid content gender
64
skin types based on uv radiation exposure name of the scientist
fitzpatrick 6 types 1. pale white - always burns never tans 2. white to light beige - easily burns tans minimally 3. beige - burns moderately - tans gradually to light brown 4 light brown - burns minimally - tans well to moderately brown 5. moderate brown - rarely burns tans profusely to dark brown 6. dark brown or black - never burns, tans profusely
65
skin types based on hydration state and lipid content
5 types normal, dry, oil, combination, sensitive not constant affcted by internal factors - hydration , lipid content, pH, moisture binding capacity external factors - Uv light, wing, temperature, humidity content
66
skin types based on gender
androgen stimulation causes increase in thickness of skin thicker by 25% slower aging because of thick skin and hih collagen content men skin thins with advacing age whereas in women stays the same until menopause higher hydration in SC in young men men sweat more men more sensitive to Uv radiation

cosmetology (2 decks)

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