Quiz 1 Flashcards
(55 cards)
biology is the study of…
living things
mechanics is the study of…
motions and the applied loads that cause them
biomechanics is thus defined as the study of…
the motions experienced by living things in response to applied loads
da Vinci was interested in…
human flight (he studied how birds fly), an early example of mankind attempting to base the design of engineered systems on nature’s way of doing the same thing
mankind attempting to base the design of engineered systems on nature’s way of doing the same thing is called…
bionics
Galileo was interested in…
bone strength, and how the structure of bones contributes to their strength
Galileo (mistakenly) proposed that bones could be _________, which would improve the strength-to-weight ratio
hollow
Julius Wolff put forth the idea (and eventually the Law) of…
form follows function
following Wolff’s ideas, Wilhelm Roux put forth the concept of…
a quantitative self-regulating mechanism that results in functional adaptation of living things
list some reasons the 1960s were big for biomechanics
development of the computer, space race necessitating research into how bodies would react in space, advancement of numerical methods like FEM, birth of modern biology following identification of protein and DNA structures in the 50s
compared to classical physics, modern physics enables important diagnostic tools such as…
CAT scans and MRI
statistical mechanics attempt to describe the ________ behavior of the ___________
statistical (mean), individual molecules
continuum mechanics consider a _______________ behavior that is independent of the _________________
volume-averaged mean, individual molecules
the continuum assumption is reasonable when characteristic length of the microstructure / characteristic length of the physical problem of interest is («_space;or»_space;) 1
«_space;1 (basically, when the scale of the overall problem is way bigger than the scale of the individual particles)
“cell,” a term coined by ______, comes from the Latin cellulea, meaning ____________
coined by Hook, meaning “little rooms” (that’s so cute)
primary function of the nucleus is…
to archive and replicate genetic code as needed to direct cellular activity
all cells in a given organism contain the same ____________, but do not all ________ the same genes
genotype, express
the genes which are expressed determine a cell’s…
phenotype
the mitochondria…
provides a cell with energy by oxidizing foodstuffs to make ATP
the rough ER…
synthesizes proteins
ribosomes…
carry RNA
the smooth ER…
packages proteins and synthesizes lipids and steroids
the Golgi apparatus…
synthesizes polysaccharides and modifies, packages, and transports various macromolecules
lysosomes, with an internal pH of 5, …
digest proteins, carbs, and fats with enzymes like nucleases, proteases, and lipases
