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Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main characteristics of life?

A
  1. They respond in environments
  2. Cells: membrane bound in which complex chemical reactions occur and are regulated
  3. Energy
  4. Metabolism
  5. Replication/Reproduction
  6. Homeostasis
  7. Evolution
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2
Q

What is the process of replication/reproduction?

A

It is the vertical transfer of genetic information. “Hereditary”

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3
Q

Is replication/reproduction a perfect process?

A

No, genetic mutations occur during the process.

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4
Q

What are the 3 Domains of Life?

A
  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukerya
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5
Q

Define the Archaea Domain

A

It consists of Ancient Bacteria. They are also extremophiles (thrive in extreme environments). It consists of prokaryotic cells

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6
Q

Define the Bacteria Domain

A

It consists of prokaryotic cellular organisms that have unique ribosomal structures.

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7
Q

Define the Eukerya Domain

A

Consists of eukaryotic cellular organisms. Consists of 3 lineages

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8
Q

What are the 3 lineages of the Eukerya Domain?

A

Fungi, Animalia, Plantie

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9
Q

Define the characteristics of the Fungi lineage

A
  1. Multicellular, except yeast!
  2. Heterotrophs
  3. Cell wall of chitin
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10
Q

Define the characteristics of the Animalia lineage

A
  1. Multicellular
  2. Heterotrophic (uses organic sources of energy)
  3. Lack of a cell wall
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11
Q

Define the characteristics of the Plantie lineage

A
  1. Multicellular
  2. Autotrophs (use inorganic energy to make organic energy)
  3. Cell wall of cellulose
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12
Q

What are Protists?

A

Eukaryotic organisms that are not either of the 3 lineages

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13
Q

What are elements?

A

Made up of pure matter which are composed of atoms.

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14
Q

What do atoms consist of?

A
  1. Protons (+)
  2. Neutrons (=)
  3. Electrons (-)
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15
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Number of protons an atom has

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16
Q

What if the element has unequal protons and neutrons?

A

The element is an isotope, which is radioactive

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17
Q

What happens if the element has an unequal amount of protons and electrons?

A

The element is ionic

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18
Q

What are the two different types of ions?

A
  1. Cation (+ ion)
  2. Anion (- ion)
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19
Q

What are electrons?

A

Negatively charged particles that orbit the atom’s nucleus in shells

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20
Q

How many electrons can the inner most shell hold?

A

2

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21
Q

How many electrons can the outer most shells hold?

A

8

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22
Q

What must happen to a shell in order for the electrons to fill into the next shell?

A

A shell must be full before electrons can appear in the next outer shell!

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23
Q

What is a valence electron?

A

An unpaired electron in the outermost shell. They determine how other atoms interact with that atom.

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24
Q

What if the atom doesn’t have any valence electrons?

A

Then the atom does NOT react.

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25
What if the atom DOES have valence electrons?
Then the atom CAN react
26
Atoms can ___ or ___ electrons depending on how many protons the other atom has? This forms an ionic bond.
Gain or Lose
27
What is an ionic bond?
Weak electrostatic attraction between cations and anions
28
Name an example of an ionic bond
Na + Cl -> NaCl
29
What bond do the atoms make when they share electrons?
Covalent bond
30
Name an example of a covalent bond
Methane (C+4H -> CH4)
31
Where is the energy store?
In the bonds. Breaking the bond releases energy
32
Name an example of a double covalent bond
Dioxide (O=O)
33
What is a Hydrogen bond?
Weak electrostatic attraction between polar molecules (O-H)
34
What makes an bond polar?
Unequal sharing of electrons (oppositely charged)
35
What makes a bond non-polar?
Equal sharing of electrons (equally charged)
36
What is high specific heat?
The amount of energy gain/loss required to change temperature by 1 calorie
37
What is high latent heat?
Amount of hidden energy needed to change state without changing temperature.
38
What temperature is water most dense at?
4 degrees celsius
39
Name some characteristics of water
1. High surface tension (capillary action) 2. Aqueous solution (water-based) 3. Low viscosity (flows easily) 4. Solvent (dissolved polar molecules)
40
Define capillary action
It pulls water up without suction
41
What are the two different types of liquids?
Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic
42
What are the characteristics of a hydrophilic liquid?
1. Consists of polar molecules 2. Bonds with water (H bond)
43
What are some characteristics of a hydrophobic liquid?
1. Does NOT bond with water (ex/ oil) 2. Consists of non-polar molecules
44
What are the 4 major types of organic molecules?
1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids
45
Name some characteristics of carbohydrates
1. Come from diet (autotrophic organisms) 2. Source of energy 3. Function is structure
46
What are the three forms of carbohydrates?
1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharide 3. Polysaccharide
47
Name some characteristics of monosaccharides
1. 5-6 carbon ringed molecules 2. Are polar, energy-rich, and small 3. During the chemical process, the reaction needs energy and enzymes. The product produces water as well
48
What amount of calories evaporates water?
580 calories
49
Name a characteristic of disaccharides
1. Condensation rxn (dehydration)
50
What are polysaccharides a polymer of?
Monosaccharides
51
What are some examples of polysaccharides?
1. Starch: long strands of glucose (energy storage) 2. Chitin 3. Glycogen: stored mostly in liver 4. Cellulose (parallel strands)
52
What are the characteristics of Lipids?
1. Fat/Fat like molecules 2. structural 3. used for energy storage 4. used for insulation/H2O proofing 5. Hormones
53
What are 4 types of Lipids?
1. Triglycerides 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids 4. Waxes
54
What is a characteristic of Triglycerides?
3 long-chain fatty acids + glycerol
55
What is an acid?
Any compound that releases H in a loose environment
56
What are two different types of fats?
Saturated and Unsaturated
57
Name some characteristics of saturated fats
1. Solid animal fat 2. more energy per /lb 3. packed together (represented in lines)
58
Name some characteristics of unsaturated fats
1. Plant fat 2. liquid (ex/ vegetable oil) 3. More double bonds 4. Don't pack together (represented in jagged lines) 5. Partially hydrogenated
59
Define Mechanical Mechanisms
Physical differences in reproductive structures. Common in Arthropods and Flowering plants
60
Define Temperate Mechanism
Differences in the timing of reproduction
61
Define Habitat Mechanisms
Differences in reproduction habitat

Biology 1 (17 decks)

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