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Quiz 1 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Indus Valley Civilization

A

People residing in the Indus Valley region along the Indus river in India, speaking Dravidian languages

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2
Q

Harappa

A

One of the major city centers of the Indus Valley Civilization

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3
Q

Siva

A

One of the lead gods of the pantheon from the Indus Valley Civilization

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4
Q

Dravidian

A

Vernacular language in the Indus Valley

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5
Q

Indo-European

A

Indo-Aryans who migrated into the Indus Valley region, bringing with them the Sanskritic languages

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6
Q

Sanskrit

A

A family of languages adopted by the Indo-Aryans

Includes Vedic, led to Classical Sanskrit, Prakrit, Hindi, Urdu (not needed)

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7
Q

Prakrit

A

Language used by the Buddha in his teachings, used to challange the authority of Brahmanism

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8
Q

Vedas

A

knowledge or wisdom, oldest scriptures of Brahmanism. Focuses on external rituals, including the sacrifice of animals, to worship gods. Considered sruti rather than smrti

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9
Q

Upanisads

A

texts that reinterpret the Vedas, focus on internal practices like faith, devotion, prayer, meditation and renunciation rather than external sacrifices (impt)

introduces renunciation and asceticism aimed at attaining moksa through yoga (add. info)

idea of rebirth first appeared here (add.info)

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10
Q

Sruti

A

“What which is heard” - refers to the Vedic hymns being heard from the gods themselves by the sages

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11
Q

smrti

A

“that which has been remembered” - teachings passed down by sages to their students

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12
Q

mantra

A

essential to Vedic rituals as they were believed to contain the power to transform reality, even change the identity of something into a god

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13
Q

Agni

A

“God of fire” acts as a messenger for the gods

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14
Q

soma

A

the power behind soma, some kind of hallucinogen

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15
Q

Brahman/Brahma

A

Absolute reality, productive power of speech

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16
Q

Brahmanism

A

(Vedicism) religion that predates Hinduism, centered around Brahman

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17
Q

Brahma (with special a)

A

The creator god

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18
Q

Brahmin

A

The priestly caste

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19
Q

sramana

A

“one who strives” one who gives up traditional life and devotes themself to religion

rejects authority of the vedas (heterodox school)

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20
Q

samsara

A

continuous rebirth

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21
Q

rebirth

A

all beings are born, live, die and are reborn again and again in a variety of different circumstances

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22
Q

karma

A

Action, law of cause and effect, causality, actions and intentions of the body, speech and mind determine the pleasantries/unpleasantness experienced in the next life

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23
Q

moksa

A

“liberation” to be freed from rebirth and achieving Nirvana

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24
Q

renunciation

A

to give up their normal role in life in order to devote themselves to some form of religious or spiritual life

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25
asceticism
severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence
26
internalisation of the sacrifice
turning your entire being into sacrifice, giving up things internally for spiritual
27
yoga
a mental and physical practice to attain moksha in asceticism in Buddhism, it refers to spiritual practice
28
Kaivalya Upanisad
These texts reinterpret the Vedas and focus on internal practices like faith, devotion, prayer, meditation, and renunciation rather than external sacrifices. The Upaniṣads introduce concepts of renunciation and asceticism aimed at attaining mokṣa (liberation) through yoga, which refers to the practice and discipline of both mental and physical aspects. The idea of rebirth first appeared in the Upaniṣads Search for power of Brahman
29
Siddhartha Gautama
future Buddha, son of local chieftain in Kapilavastu, enjoyed relatively privileged and wealthy family
30
Queen Maya
Mother of the Siddhartha Gautama
31
Mara
like Satan, an idea/influence of temptation
32
2 bodies of Buddha (rupakaya and dharmakaya)
Dharmakaya - Buddha as the embodiment of Dharma and the collection of perfect qualities Rupakaya - physical body, the one you would see if you met the Buddha, endowed with the 32 marks of a great man
33
first council
Recitation of cannon after the death of the Buddha led by Upali and Ananda in the presence of 500 awakened individuals. 2 classes of teachings were discussed, sutras (teachings from Buddha) and the Vinaya (monastic rules/discipline)
34
Ananda
Buddha's attendant who introduces each discourse from the Buddha at the first communal recitation
35
Tripitaka
The Three Baskets, canonical collections of Buddhist scriptures - sūtras, vinaya, abhidharma Sutra- "thread" oral teachings or sermons of the Buddha Vinaya- rules of the monastic order Abhidharma - "Higher Teachings"
36
Asoka
Mauryan King who reigned c.268-232 BCE and was a patron of Buddhism
37
three marks
impermanence, suffering, non-self impermanence - nothing remains unchanged, idea of the single moments made of the 5 aggregates that happen so quickly that you are disillusioned into thinking its the same unchanged object or a continuation non-self - you are always changing suffering - everything is suffering, and its cause greed (craving, aversion (hatred) and delusion (ignorance)
38
four noble truths
suffering (duḥkha), origin of suffering, cessation of suffering (nirodha), path (mārga) 1) Truth of the nature of suffering/unsatisfactoriness - as pain, change and as conditions 2) Truth of the nature of its cause - attachment (craving), aversion and delusion Not the object itself but our attachment to the object, 3 fundamental defilements of the mind, thirst for repeated rebirths 3) Truth of cessation of suffering (or achieving nirvana) - the 3 defilements weeded out, weeding out this thirst 4) Truth of the path leading to the cessation of suffering: 8-fold path
39
eightfold path
Path to the cessation of suffering conduct (śīla, P. sīla, ethics), concentration (samādhi, meditation), wisdom (prajñā, P. paññā)
40
conduct
Right conduct - right speech, action and livelihood, in a sense leading a life that did not cause harm to others
41
concentration
right effort, meditation, concentration -
42
wisdom
right view (seeing the 4 truths), right intention (desirelessness, friendliness, compassion)
43
three defilements
greed (desire, craving), aversion (hatred), delusion (ignorance)
44
Dharma
the nature of all things, underlying law of reality, the Buddha's teachings
45
dharmas
mental and physical phenomena, elements, or the teachings, that constitute Dharma and are considered to be inherently existent or unconditioned in early buddhism
46
nirvana with remainder
condition of having extinguished the 3 defilements of the mind but having a physical body as a "remainder of life"
47
nirvana without remainder
nirvana that comes from ending the occurrence of the aggregates of physical and mental phenomena that constitute a being
48
nirvana
"blowing out" of the fires of greed, hatred and delusion (elimination of defilements), ultimate goal of Buddhist practice
49
four stages of awakening
The 4 states before one is awakened stream-attainer, once-returner, never-returner, arhat Stream-attainer - one who has attained the first four of the noble paths culminating in arhatship (attain nirvana within next 7 lives), elims some of the defilements once-returner - only 1 more rebirth non-returner - rebirthed in the god realm arhat - "worthy one" an awakened Buddhist saint
50
solitary buddha
one whom attains awakening without being exposed to Buddhist teachings, and who does not teach others upon attaining nirvana
51
bodhisattva
One who will attain Buddhahood in this lifetime
52
buddha
one who has achieved awakening
53
four-fold assembly
monk (bhikṣu, P. bhikkhu), nun (bhikṣunī, P. bhikkhunī), laymen, laywomen
54
three refuges
Buddha, Dharma (P. dhamma) His teachings, saṃgha (monastic community)
55
polytheism
belief in many gods
56
monotheism
belief in only 1 god
57
monism
belief that everything is one and the same, only 1 god and everything is that 1 god
58
ontology
Study involving the nature of existence and what is real
59
epistemology
Theory of knowledge, dealing with questions of what is knowledge and justifications of our beliefs
60
skepticism
no certainty when it comes to what we think we know

Buddhism (3 decks)

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