QUIZ 1 Flashcards by Berdugo Tiburcio

is the transfer of data or information between a source and a receiver. The source transmits the data and the receiver receives it.

DATA COMMUNICATION

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are the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable.

Data communications

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” refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed upon by the parties creating and
using the data.

data

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The purpose of this is to provide the rules and regulations that allow computers with
different disk operating systems, languages, cabling and locations to share resources.

Data Communications

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information that is stored in digital form

Data

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is defined as knowledge or intelligence

Information

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is a set of devices interconnected by
media links

Network

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a global computer network providing a
variety of information and communication
facilities, consisting of interconnected networks
using standardized communication protocols

Internet

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A proposal was submitted to a Scottish magazine suggested running a communications line between
villages comprised of 26 parallel wires, each wire for one letter of the alphabet.

1753

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Carl Friedrich Gauss developed an unusual system based on a five-by-five matrix representing 25
letters (I and J were combined)

1833

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Samuel F.B. Morse invented the first successful and practical data communications system which he
called the Telegraph. With the telegraph, dots and dashes are transmitted across a wire through
eletromechanical induction. He also developed the first practical data communications code which we all know
as the Morse Code

1832

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invented the first successful and practical data communications system which he
called the Telegraph

Samuel F.B. Morse

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first successful and practical data communications system

Telegraph

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dots and dashes are transmitted across a wire through
eletromechanical induction

Telegraph

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Developed the first practical data communications code which we all know as the Morse Code

Samuel F.B. Morse

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the first practical data communications code

Morse code

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Morse secured an American patent for his telegraph

1840

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The first telegraph line was established between Baltimore and Washington D.C “What hath God
wrought!”

1844

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the first slow-speed telegraph printer was invented

1849

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the first high-speed (15-bps) printers were available

1860

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Emile Baudot invented a telegraph multiplexer which allowed signals up to six different telegraph
machines to be transmitted simultaneously over a single wire

1874

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invented a telegraph multiplexer which allowed signals up to six different telegraph
machines to be transmitted simultaneously over a single wire

Emile Baudot

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Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone

1876

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invented the telephone

Alexander Graham Bell

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Guglielmo Marconi succeeded in sending radio telegraph messages

1899

succeeded in sending radio telegraph messages

Guglielmo Marconi

First commercial radio stations were installed, allowing the transmission of information across large spans of water.

1920

Bell Laboratories developed the first special-purpose computer using eletromechanical relay

1940

developed the first special-purpose computer using eletromechanical relay

Bell Laboratories

The UNIVAC was the first mass produced electronic computer, built by the Remington Rand Corporation 8ENGR. JUZ

1951

was the first mass produced electronic computer

UNIVAC

built UNIVAC

Remington Rand Corporation

batch processing systems were replaced by on-line processing systems

1960s

microprocessor-controlled microcomputers were introduced

1970s

Personal computers became an essential item

1980s

The AT&T operating tariff allowed only equipment furnished by AT&T to be connected to AT&T lines.

1968

Internet began to evolve at the ARPA

1969

ARPANET was formed to connect sites around the US

1970

was formed to connect sites around the US

ARPANET

The World Wide Web became publicly available

1991

3 major developments:

1. Large-scale integration of circuits reduced cost and size of terminals and communication equipment 2. New software systems that facilitated the development of data communication networks 3. Competition among providers of transmission facilities reduced the cost of data circuits

1. When we communicate , we share information 2. Information can be LOCAL or REMOTE 3. Between Individuals LOCAL communication occurs face to face 4. REMOTE communication occurs over a long distance 5. When we refer to COMPUTER SYSTEMS, Data is represented in the form of 6. Binary Units (Bits) in the form of Zeros (0’s) and One’s (1’s) 7. Also the entities can most of the times be considered to be COMPUTERS

DATA COMMUNICATION

is the exchange of data (in the form of 0’s and 1’s) between two devices (computers) via some form of the transmission medium.” 14ENGR. JUZ Data Communication Definition (Modified)

DATA COMMUNICATION

is any system of computers used to transmit and/or receive information between two or more locations

Data Communication Network

is a set of equipment, transmission media, and procedures that ensures that a specific sequence of events occurs in a network in the proper order to produce the intended results

Network Architecture

give the users of the network the tools necessary for setting up the network and performing data flow control.

Network Architecture

three General Classifications of Network and Network Protocols

1. Current Networks 2. Legacy Networks 3. Legendary Networks

include the most modern and sophisticated networks and protocols available

Current Networks

A network or a protocol becomes a legacy when no one really wants to use it, but for some reason it just won’t go away. It is the generic name assigned to any old network, which is rarely used today and not part of the TCP/IP protocol suite.

Legacy networks

are mostly proprietary to individual vendors

Legacy networks

when an antiquated network or protocol finally disappears, it becomes legendary

Legendary Networks

All stations and devices on the network share a single communication channel

Broadcast Network

It only has two stations. No addresses are needed. All transmissions from one station are Intended for and received by the other station.

Point-to-point Network

Computer Networks can be classified in two different ways

Broadcast Network and Point-to-point Network

Data Communication Protocols

1. Protocols 2. Data Communication Protocols 3. Syntax 4. Semantics

are set if customs, rules, regulations dealing with formality or precedence, such as diplomatic protocol or military protocol

Protocols

are sets of rules governing the orderly exchange of data within the network or a portion of the network. Can either be Connection Oriented or Connectionless

Data Communication Protocols

refers to the structure or format of the data within the message, which includes sequence in which the data are sent.

Syntax

refers to the meaning of each section of data

Semantics

are guidelines that have been generally accepted by the data communication industry. (Proprietary or Open)

Data Communications Standards

Data communications networks can be generally categorized as either

two-point or multipoint

involves the transfer of digital information between a mainframe computer and a personal computer, two mainframe computers, two personal computers, or two data communications networks

two-point circuit

is generally used to interconnect a single mainframe computer (host) to many personal computers or to interconnect many personal computers.

multipoint network

is generally used for short-distance data communications and within a computer

Parallel transmission

is generally used for long-distance data communications

serial transmission

four modes of transmission for data communications circuits

- Simplex - Half Duplex - Full Duplex - Full/Full Duplex

data transmission is unidirectional; information can be sent in only one direction.

simplex (SX) mode

data transmission is possible in both directions but not at the same time.

half-duplex (HDX) mode

transmissions are possible in both directions simultaneously, but they must be between the same two stations.

full-duplex (FDX) mode

transmission is possible in both directions at the same time but not between the same two stations (i.e., one station is transmitting to a second station and receiving from a third station at the same time).

full/full duplex (F/FDX) mode

is full-duplex type of transmission that sends data in the form of blocks or frames.

Synchronous Transmission

There is no time gap present between data since both the sender and receiver are synchronized with a common clock signal. This means they operate at the same speed and know exactly when to send and receive data.

Synchronous Transmission

Data is sent in a continuous stream, with each byte or chunk of data following the previous one without any gaps. It’s efficient for sending large amounts of data quickly because there’s less overhead (extra bits) needed to start and stop the transmission.

Synchronous Transmission

is half-duplex type of transmission that sends data in the form of byte or character.

Asynchronous Transmission

The sender and receiver do not share a common clock signal. Instead, data is sent one byte or character at a time, with start and stop bits indicating the beginning and end of each byte. Each piece of data is sent independently, with gaps in between, allowing the receiver to process each byte as it arrives.

Asynchronous Transmission

It’s flexible and simpler to implement, especially useful for communications where data is sent intermittently

Asynchronous Transmission

are sets of rules governing the orderly exchange of data within the network or a portion of the network

Data communications protocols

can be generally classified as either connection oriented or connectionless.

Protocols

establishes a logical connection between the endpoints prior to the transmission of data and are designed to provide a high degree of reliability for data moving through the network

connection-oriented protocol

are protocols where data are exchanged in an unplanned fashion without prior coordination between endpoints and do not provide the same high degree of reliability as connection-oriented protocols; however, connectionless protocols offer a significant advantage in transmission speed.

Connectionless protocols

2 categories of transmission medium

Wired - Wireless

a physical link is created using wires or cables between two or more computers or devices, and then the data is transmitted using these cables in terms of signals.

Wired Communication

wired communication types

Twisted pair cable - Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) - Shielded twisted pair (STP) - Coaxial cable - Optical fibers

signals are propagated from one device to another device wirelessly. Signals can wave through the air, water, or vacuum. It is generally used to transmit signals in all directions.

Wireless Communication

wireless communication types

-Microwave - Radio wave - Infrared

Also known as communication mode

Transmission Mode

A method of transmitting data using infrared light waves , typically over short distances. It is commonly used in remote controls, short range data transfer, and some wireless communication systems

Infrared

A technology that transmits data using high frequency radio waves and it commonly used for satellite communications, mobile networks, radar systems, and point to point communication links over long distances

Microwave

QUIZ 1 Flashcards

(88 cards)