Quiz 1

Question 1

What is the Sociological Imagination?

Answer 1

The ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and larger social influences

Coined by C. Wright Mills, it emphasizes understanding personal troubles in the context of public issues.

Question 2

Define Sociology.

Answer 2

The study of society and social behavior

It examines the development, structure, and functioning of human society.

Question 3

What does ‘strange familiar/familiar strange’ refer to?

Answer 3

The concept of viewing the familiar in a new light and the strange as something more familiar

It encourages critical thinking about societal norms.

Question 4

What are personal troubles of milieu?

Answer 4

Issues that occur within an individual’s immediate environment

They contrast with public issues of structure.

Question 5

What are public issues of structure?

Answer 5

Problems that affect large groups and are often rooted in societal institutions

They go beyond individual experiences.

Question 6

Define social location.

Answer 6

The social context that influences an individual’s identity and perspective

It includes factors like race, class, gender, and age.

Question 7

What is the debate between agency and structure?

Answer 7

The discussion of whether individuals have the power to act independently (agency) or are constrained by social structures

It is a central theme in sociology.

Question 8

What does structuration refer to?

Answer 8

The theory that social practices are recursively linked to the structures that shape them

Introduced by Anthony Giddens.

Question 9

What is methodology in research?

Answer 9

The systematic approach to studying social phenomena

It includes various methods like qualitative and quantitative research.

Question 10

What is participant observation?

Answer 10

A qualitative research method where the researcher immerses themselves in the environment being studied

It aims to gain a deep understanding of social practices.

Question 11

What are the strengths of participant observation?

Answer 11

Provides in-depth insights and context

It allows for the collection of rich qualitative data.

Question 12

What are the weaknesses of participant observation?

Answer 12

Potential bias, ethical concerns, and time-consuming

Researchers may influence the environment.

Question 13

What are experiments in sociology?

Answer 13

Research methods that involve manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect

They often include control groups.

Question 14

What is the difference between causation and correlation?

Answer 14

Causation indicates one event causes another, while correlation indicates a relationship without direct causation

Spurious correlation can occur when two variables appear related but are influenced by a third variable.

Question 15

What are case studies?

Answer 15

In-depth examinations of a single instance or event

They provide detailed qualitative data about specific cases.

Question 16

What is secondary analysis?

Answer 16

The analysis of data collected by someone else

It allows researchers to draw new conclusions without collecting new data.

Question 17

What are unobtrusive measures?

Answer 17

Research methods that do not involve direct interaction with subjects

They include content analysis and observation.

Question 18

What ethical issues are associated with research?

Answer 18

Informed consent, privacy, and risks to vulnerable populations

Ethical considerations are crucial in conducting research.

Question 19

What were the Tuskegee Experiments?

Answer 19

A controversial study where African American men were misled about their treatment for syphilis

It raised significant ethical concerns regarding informed consent.

Question 20

What is the role of an IRB?

Answer 20

Institutional Review Board that reviews research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met

It protects the rights and welfare of research subjects.

Question 21

Define classical theory in sociology.

Answer 21

Foundational theories that shape the discipline of sociology

Includes key thinkers like Marx, Weber, and Durkheim.

Question 22

What is Marx’s perspective in sociology?

Answer 22

Focus on conflict and class struggle

He emphasized the role of economic power in social relations.

Question 23

What does Weber’s concept of rationalization refer to?

Answer 23

The process by which traditional modes of thinking are replaced by a focus on efficiency and logic

It leads to disenchantment in society.

Question 24

What is disenchantment in Weber’s theory?

Answer 24

The loss of magical and mystical elements of life due to rationalization

It reflects a shift towards a more secular and scientific worldview.

Question 25

What does Classical Theory in sociology encompass?

Answer 25

Key theorists such as Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and DuBois ## Footnote Includes theories of conflict, class struggle, social facts, and double consciousness.

Question 26

Who is associated with the concepts of conflict and class struggle?

Answer 26

Marx ## Footnote Focuses on the relationship between the bourgeoisie and proletariat.

Question 27

What are the components of Marx's theory?

Answer 27

* Base and superstructure * Margin of exploitation * Alienation * False consciousness

Question 28

What is Weber's concept of 'ideal type'?

Answer 28

A theoretical framework to understand social phenomena ## Footnote Associated with rationalization and disenchantment.

Question 29

What does the Protestant Ethic refer to in Weber's theory?

Answer 29

Calvinist predestination and its influence on economic behavior ## Footnote Emphasizes asceticism and reinvestment of profit.

Question 30

What are Durkheim's main contributions to sociology?

Answer 30

* Social facts * Social cohesion * Regulation and integration * Mechanical to organic solidarity

Question 31

What is the significance of 'collective conscious' in Durkheim's work?

Answer 31

Refers to the set of shared beliefs and values in a society ## Footnote Connected to social cohesion and regulation.

Question 32

What is DuBois's concept of 'double consciousness'?

Answer 32

The internal conflict experienced by subordinated groups in an oppressive society ## Footnote Highlights structural inequality.

Question 33

What is the main focus of Contemporary Theory in sociology?

Answer 33

The distinction between micro and macro perspectives ## Footnote Includes Functionalism, Conflict Theory, and Symbolic Interactionism.

Question 34

What does Functionalism study?

Answer 34

* Manifest functions * Latent functions * Positive and negative dysfunctions

Question 35

What is the primary concern of Conflict Theory?

Answer 35

Power dynamics and maintaining inequality ## Footnote Examines hegemony and social conflict.

Question 36

What does Symbolic Interactionism emphasize?

Answer 36

Humans act based on meanings assigned to objects ## Footnote Focuses on social construction and transformation of meanings.

Question 37

What is Postmodernism's view on social reality?

Answer 37

Rejects grand narratives and embraces fragmented perspectives ## Footnote Includes concepts like a-pos teles syndrome.

Question 38

What is the difference between material and non-material culture?

Answer 38

Material culture refers to physical objects, while non-material culture involves ideas and beliefs ## Footnote Both are essential for understanding culture.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: Sociology as an emancipatory social science is primarily associated with _______.

Answer 39

DuBois

Question 40

True or False: The concept of 'iron cage' is associated with Marx.

Answer 40

False ## Footnote It is a concept from Weber's sociology.

Question 41

What is the difference between micro and macro in contemporary theory?

Answer 41

Micro focuses on small-scale interactions, while macro examines large-scale social processes.

Question 42

What are the key components of Functionalism?

Answer 42

Manifest functions, latent functions, positive functions, negative functions, dysfunctions.

Question 43

What are problem solving entities in the context of Functionalism?

Answer 43

Entities that work to solve social issues and maintain stability.

Question 44

What does Conflict Theory emphasize?

Answer 44

Conflict, power dynamics, maintaining inequality.

Question 45

Define Hegemony in sociological terms.

Answer 45

The dominance of one group over others, often maintained through cultural means.

Question 46

What does Symbolic Interactionism focus on?

Answer 46

Humans act based on the meanings they assign to objects and interactions.

Question 47

Fill in the blank: Symbolic Interactionism involves adjustments and _______.

Answer 47

readjustments.

Question 48

What is meant by socially constructed in Symbolic Interactionism?

Answer 48

Meanings and perceptions are created through social interactions.

Question 49

What is Postmodernism characterized by?

Answer 49

Themes such as the television generation, global shopping centers, and the yuppie factor.

Question 50

What is the significance of the term 'American grab bag' in Postmodernism?

Answer 50

It refers to the diverse and eclectic nature of American culture post-60s.

Question 51

Define Culture in sociology.

Answer 51

The shared beliefs, values, norms, and material items that characterize a group.

Question 52

What is the debate between Nature vs. Nurture in sociology?

Answer 52

It examines the influence of genetics (nature) versus environment (nurture) on behavior.

Question 53

Differentiate between material and non-material culture.

Answer 53

Material culture includes physical objects, while non-material culture encompasses beliefs and values.

Question 54

What are Universals in the context of culture?

Answer 54

Cultural traits or patterns that are found in all human societies.

Question 55

List the ten core American values.

Answer 55

* Individualism * Equality * Achievement and success * Activity and work * Humanitarianism * Progress * Material comfort * Efficiency and practicality * Science * Democracy.

Question 56

What are the two types of norms in culture?

Answer 56

Proscriptive norms and prescriptive norms.

Question 57

What are sanctions in the context of norms?

Answer 57

Consequences for adhering to or violating social norms.

Question 58

Fill in the blank: The term 'Other' Cultures refers to _______.

Answer 58

cultures outside one's own.

Question 59

What is Globalization?

Answer 59

The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence.

Question 60

Define glocalization.

Answer 60

The adaptation of global ideas into local contexts.

Question 61

What is grobalization?

Answer 61

The expansion of global capitalism and culture.

Question 62

What does homogenization refer to in cultural contexts?

Answer 62

The process by which cultures become more similar.

Question 63

Differentiate between Assimilation and Multiculturalism.

Answer 63

* Assimilation: Integration of minority groups into the dominant culture. * Multiculturalism: Acknowledgment and promotion of diverse cultural identities.