Quiz 2

Question 1

Socialization

Answer 1

The process through which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a society.

Question 2

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 2

Debate on whether human behavior is determined by biology (nature) or social environment (nurture).

Question 3

Genie

Answer 3

Genie was a feral child whose father kept her immobilized in a locked room from 20 months old to 13 years old.

A case study of extreme social isolation that demonstrated the importance of socialization.

Question 4

Looking-Glass Self (Cooley)

Answer 4

The idea that self-concept develops through our perception of how others see us.

Question 5

Mead developed what theory ?

Answer 5

The social self- emphasizing the role of social interaction in self-development.

Question 6

Stages of Development (Mead)

Answer 6

Imitation, play, and game stages in the development of self.

Question 7

Agents of Socialization

Answer 7

Groups or institutions that influence a person’s social development (family, school, peers, media, etc.).

Question 8

Life Course

Answer 8

The various stages individuals go through in life, influenced by society.

Question 9

Cohort

Answer 9

A group of people who share a common characteristic, typically age.

Question 10

Social Interaction

Answer 10

The ways people respond to each other.

Question 11

Social Status

Answer 11

A person’s position in society.

Question 12

Status Set

Answer 12

All the statuses a person holds at a given time.

Question 13

Ascribed Status

Answer 13

A status assigned at birth (e.g., race, gender).

Question 14

Achieved Status

Answer 14

A status earned or chosen (e.g., doctor, athlete).

Question 15

Master Status

Answer 15

A status that dominates others and shapes a person’s identity.

Question 16

Role Set

Answer 16

Different roles attached to a single status.

Question 17

Role Strain

Answer 17

Conflict within a single role (e.g., a teacher balancing discipline and support).

Question 18

Role Conflict

Answer 18

Conflict between two or more roles (e.g., being a parent and an employee).

Question 19

Ethnomethodology (Garfinkel)

Answer 19

The study of how people create and maintain shared social reality.

Question 20

Civil Inattention

Answer 20

The practice of ignoring others in public to maintain social order.

Question 21

Civil Inattention

Answer 21

The practice of ignoring others in public to maintain social order.

Question 22

Breaching Experiments

Answer 22

Deliberate disruptions of social norms to study reactions.

Question 23

Dramaturgy (Goffman)

Answer 23

The idea that social life is like a stage performance.

Question 24

Impression Management

Answer 24

Efforts to control how others perceive us.

Question 25

Front & Back Stages

Answer 25

Public vs. private aspects of behavior.

Question 26

Embarrassment & Tact

Answer 26

Managing social mistakes to maintain dignity.

Question 27

Total Institutions

Answer 27

Places that control all aspects of life (e.g., prisons, military).

Question 28

Social Networks

Answer 28

Connections between individuals that shape opportunities.

Question 29

Extensiveness

Answer 29

The reach of a social network.

Question 30

Density

Answer 30

The level of connection within a network.

Question 31

In-groups vs. Out-groups

Answer 31

Groups we identify with vs. those we see as different.

Question 32

Leadership Roles

Answer 32

Instrumental Leader → Focuses on goals and efficiency. Expressive Leader → Focuses on group harmony.

Question 33

Leadership Styles

Answer 33

Authoritarian → Leader makes decisions. Democratic → Decisions made collectively. Laissez-faire → Hands-off leadership approach.

Question 34

Asch’s Experiment

Answer 34

Demonstrated peer pressure in group settings.

Question 35

Milgram’s Experiment

Answer 35

Showed obedience to authority.

Question 36

Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 36

Studied the power of roles and environment.

Question 37

Janis’s Groupthink

Answer 37

How groups prioritize harmony over critical thinking.

Question 38

Weber’s Ideal Type

Answer 38

Characteristics of a rational bureaucracy.

Question 39

Hierarchy of Positions

Answer 39

Clear chain of command.

Question 40

Rules & Regulations

Answer 40

Formal guidelines for operation.

Question 41

Written Records

Answer 41

Documentation of activities and policies.

Question 42

Specialization

Answer 42

Division of labor based on expertise.

Question 43

Impersonality

Answer 43

Decisions made based on rules, not personal preference.

Question 44

Technical Competence

Answer 44

Hiring based on skills.

Question 45

Alienation

Answer 45

Feeling disconnected from work.

Question 46

Inefficiency & Red Tape

Answer 46

Excessive procedures that slow down work.

Question 47

Bureaucratic Ritualism

Answer 47

Focus on rules over goals.

Question 48

Goal Displacement

Answer 48

Bureaucracies prioritizing their survival over mission.

Question 49

Power & Oligarchy

Answer 49

Concentration of power in a few hands.

Question 50

Japanese Model

Answer 50

Bureaucratic structure emphasizing teamwork and job security.

Question 51

McDonaldization

Answer 51

Efficiency → Maximizing productivity. Predictability → Standardization of products and services. Calculability → Emphasis on quantity over quality. Control → Automation reducing human decision-making.

Question 52

Class (Marx & Weber)

Answer 52

Social division based on economic position.

Question 53

Dimensions of Social Inequality

Answer 53

Income → Money earned. Wealth → Total assets. Education → Level of schooling. Occupational Prestige → Status associated with jobs.

Question 54

Cultural Capital (Bourdieu)

Answer 54

Social assets that influence mobility (e.g., knowledge, taste, skills,food, education)

Question 55

Social Mobility

Answer 55

Intragenerational Mobility → Movement within one’s lifetime. Intergenerational Mobility → Movement across generations. Horizontal Mobility → Changing jobs within the same social class. Structural Mobility → Large-scale shifts in society that change class structure.

Question 56

C. Wright Mills’ Power Elite is when…

Answer 56

The ruling class controls economic, political, and military power.

Question 57

What is Homogamy

Answer 57

Marrying someone with similar social traits.

Question 58

What are the four types of Poverty

Answer 58

Absolute Poverty → Lacking basic necessities. Relative Poverty → Being poor compared to others in society. Poverty Line → Official threshold for defining poverty. Extreme Poverty → Severe lack of resources.