Quiz 1

Question 1

covalent bond

Answer 1

strongest kind of bond. Atoms share 1 or more pairs of outer electrons.

Question 2

molecule

Answer 2

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 3

non-polar covalent bonds

Answer 3

A covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms with similar electronegative.

Question 4

polar covalent bonds

Answer 4

A covalent bond with atoms with different electronegativities. The shared atoms are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. Water.

Question 5

ionic bond

Answer 5

the bond that forms when 2 oppositely charged ions

attract each other. salt.

Question 6

Hydrogen bond

Answer 6

A type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially + hydrogen atom participates in a polar covalent bond in one molecule when the partially - atom participating in another molecule.

Question 7

Cohesion

Answer 7

The sticking together of molecules of the same kinds, often by hydrogen bonds.

Question 8

Adhesion

Answer 8

the clinging of 2 substances to another

Question 9

surface tension

Answer 9

The resistance of the water layer from breaking

Question 10

Heat

Answer 10

Amount of energy associated with movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter.

Question 11

acid

Answer 11

compound that donates a H+ ion

Question 12

Solvent

Answer 12

dissolving agent (water).

Question 13

solute

Answer 13

what gets dissolved (salt)

Question 14

Base

Answer 14

compound that accepts an H+ ion

Question 15

What are water’s life supporting properties?

Answer 15

1. cohesion, adhesion and surface tension
2. ability to store heat
3. ice floats
4. water is the universal solvent

Question 16

Carbohydrates

Answer 16

have oxygen containing functional groups that make them polar/charged and therefore hydrophilic.

Question 17

Lipids

Answer 17

most of the molecule is hydrophobic. Attached functional groups are hydrophilic.

Question 18

proteins

Answer 18

polymer of amino acids ( 20 amino acids).

Question 19

nucleic acids

Answer 19

the phosphate functional groups are hydrophilic. Nitrogenous bases have mix of properties.

Question 20

macromolecules

Answer 20

molecules of proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids may be huge.

Question 21

polymers/ monomers

Answer 21

Chains of smaller molecules that can join together to make macromolecules in cells. Consists of many identical building blocks called monomers.

Question 22

dehydration reactions

Answer 22

remove water

Question 23

hydrolysis

Answer 23

adds water

Question 24

enzymes

Answer 24

Used in both dehydration and hydrolysis. Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells (catalysts).

Question 25

monosaccharides

Answer 25

simplest carbohydrate. Main fuels for cellular work.

Question 26

disaccharide

Answer 26

The bonding of 2 monosaccharides

Question 27

Polysaccharides

Answer 27

polymers of monosaccharides

Question 28

starch

Answer 28

storage polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers and found in plants

Question 29

glycogen

Answer 29

storage polysaccharide composed of glucose which is a branched polymer by animals when glucose is needed.

Question 30

cellulose

Answer 30

polymer or glucose that forms plant cells walls

Question 31

chitin

Answer 31

polysaccharide used by insects and crustaceans to build an exoskeleton

Question 32

lipids

Answer 32

water insoluble compounds that are important in energy storage structure of cells and specialized functions. Have a hydrocarbon core.

Question 33

unsaturated fats

Answer 33

has 1 fewer hydrogen atom on each carbon of the double bond

Question 34

saturated fats

Answer 34

no double bond on their hydrocarbon chain. Have max # of hydrogen atoms

Question 35

phospholipids

Answer 35

structurally similar to fats and are an important component of all cells. Have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 36

Steroids

Answer 36

lipids composed of fused ring structures

Question 37

cholesterol

Answer 37

example of steroid that plays significant role in the structure of the cell membrane

Question 38

carbon skeleton

Answer 38

chain of carbon atoms. may be branched or unbranched and may have double bonds.

Question 39

hydroxyl group

Answer 39

consists of hydrogen bonded to an oxygen

Question 40

carbonyl group

Answer 40

carbon linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom

Question 41

carboxyl group

Answer 41

consists of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl group

Question 42

amino group

Answer 42

composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton

Question 43

phosphate group

Answer 43

consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

Question 44

methyl group

Answer 44

consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen. nonpolar group

Question 45

amino acids

Answer 45

building blocks of proteins, have an amino group and a carboxyl goup

Question 46

three parts of a nucleotide

Answer 46

five carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous group

Question 47

diffusion

Answer 47

random movement of molecules