Quiz 1

Question 1

What has the following characteristic microscopic findings?

“pinpoint, umbilification in the center of the lesion”

Answer 1

the DNA poxvirus, molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)

Question 2

Histo of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Answer 2

Elongation, widening and irregular thickening of rete pegs

Acantosis, hyperkeratosis and chronic inflamm of dermis

Question 3

Lichen Planus

Answer 3

Common skin condition that causes inflamm and ulcerations of skin; Common in women of childbearing age, but can be in kids as well. Sxs: redness, soreness, burning, raw area, bleeding, dyspareunia etc.

Question 4

pathognomonic microscopic finding of Lichen Planus

Answer 4

HIST: degeneration of the basal cell layer, thickening of the granular cell layer, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the sub-epithelial layer of connective tissue and development of a “saw-tooth” appearance of the rete pegs.

Question 5

What 2 strains of HPV cause 90% of cases of Condyloma Acuminata (Genital Warts)

Answer 5

HPV Strains 6 & 11

Question 6

What 2 strains of HPV cause 70+% of cervical CA cases

Answer 6

HPV Strains: 16 & 18

Question 7

Cause of Condyloma Latum of Syphilis

Answer 7

the Spirochete—Treponema pallidum (Spiral-shaped, gram-, highly mobile)

Question 8

Compare Vaginal Infections of BV, Trich and Candida

Answer 8

BV: Fishy odor, ↑pH, Less Itchy
Trich: Fishy odor, ↑pH, Itchy & burning
Candida: Less odor, ↓pH, itching and burning

Question 9

Describe clue cells and what do they indicate?

Answer 9

epithelial cells coated w/bacteria

Indicate BV - Gardnerella

Question 10

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae

Answer 10

• gram –, diplococci
• women often ASX
• If untreated in men, can cause epididmytis, untreated in women can cause PID
• can spread to joints and heart

Question 11

Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia “VIN”

Answer 11

characterized by the presence of hyperpigmented skin plaques - can appear as red, white, yellow or multipigmented

Question 12

VIN 3

Answer 12

proliferation of more mature-appearing squamous cells revealing the presence of abnormal keratinization within the cytoplasm and some nuclear variability

Question 13

Vulvar Carcinoma:

Answer 13

HPV +: typically poorly differentiated cells, non-keratinized
HPV -: Well differentiated, (keratinized?)

Question 14

What group of people is at a higher risk for Clear Cell Carcinoma and why?

Answer 14

↑ in young women whose mothers were treated with DES during Pregnancy

Question 15

Koilocytosis

Answer 15

nuclei in enlarged, Halo-like Stain

Question 16

Compare acute and chronic endometritis

Answer 16

Acute Endometritis: characterized by presence of micro abscesses or neutrophils with in endometrial glands
Chronic Endometritis: characterized by presence of plasma cells in stroma

Question 17

most common site of implantation of ectopic endometrial cells?

Answer 17

ovaries.

Question 18

Leiomyoma (Fibroids) Characteristic Histo:

Answer 18

Whorled Pattern of smooth muscle and ↓mitotic figures; Microscopically, the muscle cells in fibroids are generally uniform in size and shape with oval nuclei

Question 19

Cryptorchidism

Answer 19

absence of one or both testes

MC birth defect of male genitalia

Question 20

Compare Hypospadias and Epispadias

Answer 20

Hypospadias: birth defect of the urethral meatus, Ventral (underside) of shaft, cosmetic only affect direction of stream
Epispadias: birth defect of the urethra meatus, Dorsal side (top), usu requires Surgery by 7 y.o.

Question 21

Compare phimosis and paraphimosis

Answer 21

Phimosis: foreskin cannot fully retract over glans
Paraphimosis: foreskin trapped behind glans, EMERGENCY
*Both have increased risk for testicular cancer; phimosis possibly greater

Question 22

What do you find serum elevations of with embryonal carcinoma?

Answer 22

Embryonal carcinoma: germ cell tumor that occurs in the ovaries and the testes

elevations in serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP)

Question 23

Will a Hydrocele transilluminate?

Answer 23

accumulation of fluid around a testicle assoc. with trauma, hernia, infx, CA, etc.
NT and WILL transilluminate, while a tumor may not.

Question 24

What is a biomarker for Reactive Arthritis/Reiter’s Syndrome?

Answer 24

+ HLA-B27

Sxs Triad: Inflammatory Arthritis, Inflamm of eyes, mucocutaneous lesion or plaques

Question 25

Herpes Simplex:
What areas are most commonly affected by HSV 1 and 2?
Characteristic Hist?

Answer 25

HSV-1: Oral (80%) and Vaginal (20%) - Latent in Trigeminal ganglia
HSV-2: Genital (80%) Oral (20%) - Latent in sacral ganglia

HIST: multinucleated Giant Cells –> Tzanck Smear show the giant cells

Question 26

Primary Syphilis

Answer 26

caused by Spirochete—Treponema Pallidum

Mother→Fetus = Congenital Syphilis

Question 27

What are the demographics for Testicular CA?

What is the MC type of Testicular CA?

Answer 27

Demographics: ages 15-35, but MC ages 20-35

MC type: Mixed Cell types 40%
2nd MC: Seminoma 35%
Embryonal carcinoma - approximately 20%
Teratoma - approximately 5%; gen benign