- Equal night - 12 hr nights everywhere on earth

Quiz 1 Flashcards by shannon murray

Light year

Distance traveled by light in 1 year

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True or false. Most of space is empty

True

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Constellations

How some people connect random stars into groups

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Different what see different things as constellations

Cultures

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“Up” traditionally meant what?

Heaven

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How we’re constellations seen?

As gods

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What is a celestial sphere

Stars all at SAME distance and move at SAME rate

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Are celestial spheres true or false

False

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What causes stars to move

Earths rotation

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What are intersections with earths poles equator

Celestial poles and celestial equator

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What is a solar day

Time for sum to rotate and land in same place

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Sidereal day

Time for stars to be in the same place

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Why are solar days longer?

Because we have to rotate a little singer to see the sun

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What does rotate mean

To spin

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What does revolve mean?

To orbit/ go around

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What is the path of ecliptic

When the sun moves across celestial sphere once per year

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What causes seasons

Rotation of earth on its axis relative to its orbit

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Summer solstice

Northernmost location of the sun

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Winter solstice

Southernmost location of the sun

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What is the equinox

Equal night

- 12 hr nights everywhere on earth

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What are surface temperatures higher in the summer?

days are longer

- sunlight is more direct

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Why is the north pole still cold even though it has the longest days?

The sun comes in as angel

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What does zodiac mean?

12 constellations sun passes through in 1 year

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New moon

All dark

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Full moon

All light

Quarter moon

Half light and half dark

Gibbous moon

Almost full

Wax

Growing

Wane

Shrinking

Do we ever see the dark side of the moon?

Why do we never see the dark side of the moon?

Because the rate of rotation matches the rate of revolution

How many lunar revolutions are in 1 year

What is a year

Time for earth to orbit the sun

What is a day

Time for earth to rotate so the sun is in the same spot

What do we have a 7 day week

Because they used to worship different astronomical gods each day

Sunday god

Sun god

Monday god

Moon god

Tuesday god

Mara god

Wednesday god

Mercury god

Thursday god

Jupiter god

Friday god

Venus god

Saturday god

Saturn god

Why do we have a 60 minute hr

The Babylonians had a base number of 60

What is a lunar eclipse

Earth between sun and moon

Solar eclipse

Moon between sun and watch

What is a Parallax

Shift of an object relative to background when you move

Why do we think astronomy was created

For agriculture

Planet is Greek for what?

Wander

What is retrograde motion

When plants appear to move backwards

Epicycles

Complex geometry could explain all planetary motion

Where did early cultures believe earth was relative to other planets

In the middle of everything

What is geocentric

Concept that watch is center of everything

Who argued for sun centered universe

Copernicus

What is heliocentric

Concept that sun is center of everything

Why was heliocentric not popular?

For religious concerns

Who popularized heliocentric theory after telescopes were invented

Galileo and Kepler

Who discovered moons around Jupiter?

Galileo

What confirmed that we orbited the sun?

The phases of Venus

Kepler's first law

Planets orbit the sun in ellipses, not circles, with sun at one focus

Semi major axis

- Half of a major axis | - similar to circle radius

Eccentricity

Distance between the foci/ length of major axis

Peri

Closest point

Apo

Farthest point

Helion

Sun

Gee

Earth

Apogee

Farthest point from earth

Kepler's second law

- Planetary orbits sweep out equal areas in equal time | - this means plants move faster and closer to the sun

Keplers 3rd law

Period ^2 is proportional to semimajoraxis ^3

Astronomical Unit (AU)

The average distance of earth form sun

Kepler's 3rd law

Period ^2 equals semimajoraxis^3

How do you find velocity

Distance over time

How do you find distance

Velocity x time

How do you find time

Distance over velocity

Newton found that what holds the solar system together?

Gravity

What was Newton's first law

Everybody stays at rest or in a uniform motion in a straight line unless a force acts on it

Force depends on what

Mass

What was Newton's second law

When a force acts in a mass it produces a change in velocity F=ma

What was newtons third law

To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

All bodies exert what on all others with amount of attraction proportional to mass

- attractive gravitational force | - earth is very massive and pulls everything towards t

Acceleration is what compared to baseball

Small

On the moon the baseball will go shorter or higher

Higher

On mars moon a baseball will do what when thrown up?

Will slow but never come back

Smaller mass= what

Smaller about of gravity

Newtons law of gravity

Fg=m1,m2,G/ r^2

Around how much mass does the sun take up in our solar system

99.8%

What would happen if the only force present was gravity

We would be sucked into the sun

Why do we not get sucked into the sun

Because the plants move

Centripetal force equation

F(little c) = Mv^2/r

We measure what to get mass?

r,v,G

What watching earths orbit we get the mass of the _____?

Sun

By watching moons orbit we get the mass of the _____?

Earth

By watching any orbit we get the mass of _____?

Any object

Who showed Kepler he had some mistakes

Newton

We use the suns what to hunt for alien worlds

The wiggle

For objects of similar mass, the center of the mass is where?

Between them

Orbit of spacecrafts are determined by their what?

Velocity

What is escape velocity

When something has to move faster to exit the earth orbit

How do we learn about objects far away

- By the light they emit | - electro magnetic radiation

3 ways energy is transmitted

- electromagnetic radiation - convection - conduction

What are different types of light

- visible - inferred - ultra - X-ray - gamma - radio

What are waves measured by

Crest and trough

How are diff types of light characterized

Wavelength

Frequency

Number of waves per second

Longer waves mean

Shorter frequency

What devices have long wavelengths

TV, radio, cell phones

Stars energy is converted into light which travels in what direction

Outward

Red light goes shorter or longer?

Longer

What two forms of light are long

Radio and inferred

What forms of light are short

UV, gamma ray, and X-ray

Why did we build telescopes

To study different types of light

Quiz 1 Flashcards

(110 cards)