Quiz 3 Flashcards
(78 cards)
1
Q
what planet is similar to the moon
A
- mercury because it has the same evolution, accretion, differentiation, and slowness
- has craters
- and old lava flows
2
Q
Mercurys days
A
long days due to tidal effects from sun
3
Q
mercury temperature contrast
A
very cold at night and extremely hot during the days
4
Q
what is Mercurys AU
A
one third of earths
5
Q
describe Mercurys structure (layers, exterior etc)
A
- large iron core, similar to earths
- has the largest crater in the solar system called calories basm and caused weird terrain on opposite side of the planet
- light colored plains unlike the moon
- ice in craters on the poles
6
Q
what is Venus’ AU
A
.73 of earths
7
Q
describe the rotation and revolution of Venus
A
- the day is longer than the year
- only planet that rotates backwards due to impact
8
Q
describe the make up of Venus ( layers, terrain etc)
A
- same density as earths ( sister planet to earth)
- covered with clouds composed of small droplets
- has 92 atmospheres
- due to clouds, only 5 degree difference from day to night
- rapid circulation in atmosphere causing the moving of heat all over the planet
9
Q
green house effect on Venus
A
- a million times the CO2 that we have
- very hot, 900 degrees
10
Q
how can we see past the clouds of venus
A
with radio waves
11
Q
water on Venus?
A
-no evidence of any lakes or rivers
- volcanos are everywhere
-no erosion of rocks
-little evidence of plate tectonics
has strange stretch marks from lava bubbling under the crust
12
Q
corone and arachnids
A
- stretch marks on Venus caused by lava flowing under crust
- called this because they look like spider legs
13
Q
does Venus have a magnetic field
A
no, and its puzzling to astronomers
14
Q
evolution of Venus (weird)
A
- the planet turned itself inside out
- recoating the entire surface
- wee see this by evaluating new vs old craters
- theory: crust is thick, build up heat inside, and then turns over
15
Q
why is mars red?
A
due to rust, iron mxed with something
16
Q
what planets/ moons have polar caps
A
mars, earth and triton
17
Q
mars media controversy
A
- wallstreet journal reported “proof of intelligent life on mars”
- thousands in NJ fled after halloween broadcast of the “war of world” because they thought it was red
18
Q
how is mars a good candidate for life
A
- is cold but there is life in cold place on earth
- mars was we in the past
- dry now
19
Q
life in mars rock that hit earth?
A
- theory: 3.6 billion years ago rock formed
- 16 million years ago there was an impact on mars
- 13000 years ago a mars rock landed in Antarctica
- 1984 rock found and had organisms inside
20
Q
geology on mars
A
northern hemisphere: volcanic
Southern Hemisphere: cratered
21
Q
what is Olympus Mons
A
- largest volcano in solar system found on mars
- 16 miles high
- 100 million years since last eruption
- build up higher because there is no continental drift
22
Q
vallis Marineris
A
- a grand canyon found on mars
- as large as the united states
- up to 40 miles deep
- crack in crust due to stress
23
Q
dry river channels on mars
A
- strong evidence of liquid water in the past
- they have tributaries
- rivers on craters
- we see evidence of massive water flow
- evidence of ice buried beneath the surface
24
Q
ice below mars crust?
A
we see mud around craters
25
atmosphere of mars
- atmosphere is thin
- made of pure CO2
- sky is red
- ozone on mars is opposite of earth because there is more over the poles so UV rays are harsher at poles
26
what planet has sand dunes and why
- mars because of the high temperature, they are the biggest in the solar system
- dust devils
- dust storms
27
what are mars moons
- Phobos and deimos
- likely captured asteroids
- tidally locked so same face always posts towards mars
28
Jupiter basics
- big with fast rotation
- largest planet
- has great red spot
29
what are the layers of Jupiter
- tiny rock core
- liquid hydrogen
- outer clouds
30
what is the great red spot
a hurricane on Jupiter
31
how were the stripes on Jupiter made
the clouds stretched into zones due to fast rotation
32
what is the magnetic field of Jupiter like
- strong due to liquid metallic hydrogen
| - lightening and auroras
33
rings around Jupiter
- 30 km wide
- made of small particles the size of cigarette smoke
- particles can collide
34
life on Jupiter?
- the planet is completely gaseous
| - the life would be floaters or sinkers
35
Roche Limit
- region around a planet where force of tides exceeds a moons gravitational pull
- rings of Jupiter are within the roche the limit
36
two types of moons around Jupiter
captured asteroids and four Galilean moons
37
Callisto
- outermost moon of Jupiter
- old surface
- impacts expose bright icy surface
- rocky core with ice mantel
38
4 Galilean moons of Jupiter
- Callisto
- ganymede
- Europa
- IO
39
Ganymede
- rocky core with ice mantel
- 1/3 heavily cratered
- 2/3 grooved terrain with few craters
- tides crack the crust and water leaks out and freezes
- water results from tidal heating/ melting ice
- water under the crust is 25x the size of earth oceans
40
Europa
- second closes moon to Jupiter
- rocky with thin layer of surface ice
- no craters which means this is very young
- ocean under the ice
- volcanos of water
41
IO
- closest moon to Jupiter
- looks like pizza
- covered I sulfur so it smells bad
- many active volcanos
- no craters so its young
- sulfer lakes and sulfer tides
42
saturn basics
- orbit takes 30 years
| - saturn is a bland Jupiter
43
how Saturn contrasts to jupiter
- not as colorful
- 20x weaker magnetic field
- problems for dynamo theory
- ring system is extensive
- particles are cm to house size in rings
- particles dont collide, just bump into each other
44
how are rings around Saturn different
they are kept straight and in line by Shepard moons
45
titan
- large moon around Saturn
- has thick and hazy atmosphere
- evidence of plate tectonics
- tarry goo covers the surface
- methane liquid found all over (lakes, rain, oceans, rivers)
46
Tethys
- saturn moon
- has a crack 3km deep 1500 km long
- caused as the moon froze?
47
Mimas
- saturn moon
- has crack 2 km deep
- huge impact crater
48
Enceladus
- saturn moon
- similar to Ganymede with crater terrain and grooved terrain
- ice geysers(possibly due to tidal heating)
- salty ocean under the surface
49
Iapetus
- saturn moon
- has one face bright as snow
- now face dark as coal
- we don't know why
50
co-orbiting moons
- interact gravitationally/ closer each year
| - created my moons
51
who discovered Uranus
Hershel discovered it and it was monumental
52
uranus basics
19.8 AU with very fast rotation and its large
53
which planet is almost on its side
uranus and its possibly made my impacts and causes extreme seasons
54
what are the clouds of Uranus made of
- bland with methane and ammonia
| - have belts and zone stripes like Saturn
55
what is the magnet field of Uranus like
strong, caused by large mantel, offset magnetic field
56
rings of Uranus
- 10 narrow rings with particles the size of beachballs
| - very little amount of dust
57
miranda
- moon of Uranus
- visually interesting
- maybe an impact broke it apart and then they reassembled
- huge ice cliff
58
how was Neptune found
by the wiggle it caused on Uranus
59
neptune basics
- 30 AU
- sunlight is 1/1000 of light that earth receives
- big and fast rotation
- very similar to Uranus
60
great dark spot
found on Neptune and and its an hurricane
61
why is Neptune blue
the atmosphere is made of methane
62
magnetic field of Neptune
- interior of of planet is a layer of liquid hydrogen
| - offset from the center
63
rings of Neptune
- rings in arces (not uniform)
- dark like Uranus and Jupiter
- lots of dust
64
Nereid
- moon of Neptune
| - highly elliptical orbit
65
Triton
- moon of Neptune
- only large moon which orbits backwards
- about the size of our moon
- very thin atmosphere
- ice surface
- N2 volcanos shoot 8km high
- N2 play caps
66
what are the two things for a planet to be a planet
1) pull themselves into a round shape
| 2) clear the area around their orbits
67
Pluto basics
- 40 AU
- planet until recently
- small with eccentric orbit that crosses Neptune's orbit
68
what is the terrain of Pluto
- young and old terrain
- especially the "heart"
- evidence of wind in atmosphere
- very similar to Triton
69
Charon
- moon of Pluto
- orbits in inly 6 days
- orbit more as a double planet
- mass is not much below Pluto
70
the orbits of dwarf planets
very very odd
71
what is explained by a large impact in outer solar system
- triton moves backwards
- off elliptical orbits
- pluto escaped
- charon/pluto have a close orbit
- -charons orbital inclination
72
Eris basics
- dwarf planet
- has one moon
- pluto size
- elliptical moon
73
Haumea
- another dwarf planet
- rapid spin
- ellipsoid shape
74
Makemake
- dwarf planet
- slightly smaller than pluto
- red with methane ice
75
primordial soup
- the beginning of life
| - made of H, He, CH4, NH3
76
how long did it take for life to form after earth cooled
- not very long at all, it was very quickly
| - however, advanced life too billions of years
77
snowball theory
leaps in evolution linked to jumps in oxygen
78
what do we think is necessary for life
- liquid water
- some moons have liquid water
- mars had water in the past
- other forms of liquid may be used in cells on Jovian planets
