Quiz 1

Question 1

what are the names of disorders caused by ulcers

Answer 1

dumping syndrome, zollinger Ellison syndrome

Question 2

what does Zollinger-Ellson Syndrom

Answer 2

produces large quantities of gastrin which stimulates HCL attacks the mucosa and causes ulcers on walls on stomach

Question 3

what is Peptic ulcer disease

Answer 3

ulcerations or erosions in mucosa and submucosa layers of the stomach, duodenum or lower esophagus

Question 4

what is a common cause of peptic ulcer disease

Answer 4

helicobacter (H) pylori- is a bacteria that can survive in high acidity

Question 5

what are other causes of peptic ulcer disease

Answer 5

chronic alcohol ingestion, use of NSAIDS

Question 6

what can you use to treat peptic ulcer

Answer 6

H2 receptor blockers

Question 7

dumping syndrome

Answer 7

caused by reduction of stomach size
hyperosmolar chime is released into the duodenum too quickly
highly acidic chyme dumped to small intestines
Fluid is drawn from blood reduces blood volume that can cause
hypertension, dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain, hypoglycemia, tachycardia
blood sugar goes up body secretes insulin cuase reduction in glucose

Question 8

what are the parts of the small intestines

Answer 8

duodenum, jujenum, and ileum

Question 9

what are the folds called in the small intestines and what do they do

Answer 9

Kerckring, large, circular folds of mucosa, folded into the lumen

Question 10

villi

Answer 10

finger-like projections

Question 11

what cells make up villi

Answer 11

enterocytes- they make up the size of the small intestines

Question 12

microvilli

Answer 12

hair like extensions of cells plasma membranes

Question 13

what is between the lumen and brush border

Answer 13

unstirred water layer- that is where nutrients has to cross

Question 14

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

Answer 14

in between villi where mitosis takes place as cell # increase old cell die and fall off intestine cells are rapid turn over cell last 3-5days

Question 15

Paneth cell

Answer 15

make antimicrobial compound, lysosome (enzyme that destroys bacteria cell wall)

Question 16

Golblet Cell

Answer 16

secrete large amount of mucus that protect the walls of the intestines

Question 17

all enzymes in small intestine only work at what pH

Answer 17

7-8

Question 18

what gland get the body to specific pH and how

Answer 18

brunners gland secretes mucus and small sodium bicarbonate secretions from pancreas rich in sodium bicarbonate which is made in the duodenum

Question 19

Regulation of intestinal motility and secretions

Answer 19

progressive contractions
segmentation contractions
neural reflexes also affected motility
migrating motility (myoelectric complex

Question 20

neural reflexes also affect motility

Answer 20

help coordinate motility and secretions from one area to the next

Question 21

Migrating motility (myoelectric complex)

Answer 21

series of weak contractions that sweep out intestines between meals

Question 22

what are the digestive enzymes

Answer 22

pancreatic lipase and alpha amylase

Question 23

trypsinogin is made where

Answer 23

pancreas

Question 24

inhibitors of motility

Answer 24

glucagon

Question 25

bile pigments

Answer 25

bilirubin and biliverdin

Question 26

the pancreas

Answer 26

ductless endocrine cells that secret hormones into the blood digestive enzymes produced by acinar exocrine cells pancreatic juices

Question 27

what do the pancreatic juices contain

Answer 27

water electrolytes bicarbonate pancreatic digestive enzymes

Question 28

islet of langchans produce hormones from a and b and d cells what hormones do those cells produce

Answer 28

the a cell produces glucagon the b cell produces vega cells which creates insulin D cells (delta cells)makes stomatostatin

Question 29

75 percent of pancreas makes exocrine cells called

Answer 29

duct cells and acinar cells

Question 30

what do duct cells do

Answer 30

create sodium bicarbonate

Question 31

what do acinar cells do

Answer 31

secret digestive jucies

Question 32

regulation of pancreatic secretions primary stimuli

Answer 32

secretin and cholecystokinin

Question 33

secretin is stimulated aby

Answer 33

the s cells in proximal small intestine | responds to presence of acidic chyme

Question 34

Cholyecystokinin is secreted by

Answer 34

I cells of proximal small intestine and enteric nerves and responds to presence of fat and partially digested proteins in duodenum- goes to the pancreas to release pancreatic juices

Question 35

what state are the enzymes in the pancreas

Answer 35

inactive

Question 36

what is a disorder of the pancreas

Answer 36

pancreatitis

Question 37

pancreatitis

Answer 37

zygomens become activated and digest pancreatic tissue condidtion can occur with excessive alcohol consumption , hypertriglyceridemia, duct blockage, viral infections or injury patients often requires partially hydrolyzed nutrients or lipase

Question 38

when to the enzymes from the pancreas become active

Answer 38

when it reaches the lumen

Question 39

the liver is the

Answer 39

largest organ in the body and has 2 lobes made of lobules

Question 40

liver make

Answer 40

hypatocytes which are made for lipid digestion

Question 41

liver is the only organ to make

Answer 41

bile which is made from cholesterol

Question 42

bile synthesis nd function

Answer 42

bile is composed of bile acids and salts, cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile pigments in alkaline solutions bile acts like detergent to emulsify fat

Question 43

where is bile transported

Answer 43

the gallblader

Question 44

what are the primary bile acids

Answer 44

cholic acid an dcenodeoxycholic acid

Question 45

where does lipid digestion

Answer 45

jejunam of small intestines

Question 46

where is secondary bile acids made

Answer 46

intestine

Question 47

what are thesecondary bile acids

Answer 47

deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid

Question 48

the gallbladder does what

Answer 48

concentrates and store bile

Question 49

what is a disorder of gallblader

Answer 49

gallstones (cholesterol crystals)

Question 50

the recirculation and excretion of bile

Answer 50

most bile salts are reabsorbed-enterhypatic circulation bile moves down through ileum 90 percent is released into circulation and transported back into liver and 10 percent is excreted in large intestines

Question 51

gallbladder undergoes contraction and

Answer 51

I- cells release cholecystocynase bile release through bile duct to gallbladder duct to meet common duct through sphincter of oddi