Quiz 1 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are glial cells responsible for?
Insulating nerve cells with myelin; helping to hold neurons together and provide support fx (i.e., delivering nutrients and removing wastes)
At 2 years old, the brain is what percentage of the adult size?
80%
After birth, what do glia and neurons do?
Glia continues to divide and multiply, neurons do not
The nervous system develops from embryonic tissue called
Ectoderm
What is the first sign of the developing nervous system?
The neural plate that can be seen at about the 16th day of development
When and how is the neural tube formed?
By the 21st day of development, it is formed when the edges of the neural groove meet
Rostal means?
Front. Front part of the neural tubes goes on to develop into the brain and the rest of the neural tube develops into the spinal cord
Neural crest cells becomes ….?
the peripheral nervous system
At the front end of the neural tube, 3 major brain areas are formed. What are they?
Prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
What is the process in which, by the 7th week, the 3 major brain areas divide again?
Encephalization
What fxs is the telencephalon responsible for?
determines intelligence, determines personality, interpretation of sensory impulses, motor fx, planning and organization, sense of smell, touch sensation
What structure houses the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, and a number of related structures?
Prosencephalon (forebrain) → major division
Diencephalon → subdivision of the above
What is the tectum?
Dorsal surface of the midbrain
What is the tectum responsible for?
Auditory/visual reflexes, like jumping when someone slams a door
What does the superior colliculi control?
Visual reflexes
What does the inferior colliculi control?
Auditory reflexes
What 2 structures play a role in Parkinson’s and dopamine?
Substantia nigra and red nucleus. There are important components of the sensorimotor system and play a role in Parkinson’s and dopamine
What structures are contained in the metencephalon?
Pons, Cerebellum, Reticular formation
Where is the Pons, and what does it do?
The part of the metencephalon located on the brain stem that forms a bulge on the brain stem’s ventral surface. It is involved in motor control and sensory analysis, acting as the sensory/motor relay center.
Where is the Cerebellum, and what does it do?
The “cauliflower” piece in the back of the brain that is responsible for sensorimotor function (the part that helps regulate posture, balance, and coordination). Think of the “practice makes perfect” theory of sports, for example.
Where is the Reticular Formation, and what does it do?
The reticular formation is comprised of 2 columns of neuronal nuclei with ill-defined boundaries, which go up through the medulla and into the mesencephalon. The reticular formation plays a role in arousal, and regulates your sleep/wake cycle. It is also associated with habituation (example – able to tune out background noise), somatic motor control (tone, balance, and posture), cardiovascular regulation and pain modulation.
