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Quiz 1 Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Retroperitoneum

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2
Q

What does the urinary/renal system remove?

A

urine and toxins

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3
Q

Lower UTIs include?

A

urethra and bladder

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4
Q

Upper UTIs include?

A

ureters and kidney

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5
Q

What does lower UTIs involve?

A

superficial mucosa

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6
Q

What does upper UTIs involve?

A

renal parenchyma (interstitial tissue)

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7
Q

What is cystitis?

A

infection of the bladder

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8
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

infection of the kidneys

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9
Q

Most common pathogen of acute uncomplicated and complicated UTIs?

A

E.coli

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10
Q

What is E.coli shown to be resistance too?

A

TMP-SMX and Cipro

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11
Q

Viral cysitits seen in kids

A

Adenovirus

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12
Q

What two things are not present with uncomplicated UTIs?

A

Fever/ chills

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13
Q

What is the most diagnostic finding on a urinalysis/microscopy?

A

Pyuria (WBCs)

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14
Q

What is the single best test for acute cystitis?

A

Urine dipstick

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15
Q

What is the gold standard diagnosis for acute cystitis?

A

Urine culture

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16
Q

What is the pathogen in Catheter-associated CAUTI?

A

E.coli

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17
Q

What are the 3 symptoms seen in CAUTI?

A

fever, suprapubic, or CVA tenderness

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18
Q

Where should urine not be collected from in CAUTI?

A

Foley bag

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19
Q

What is the most common pathogen in pregnancy?

A

E.coli

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20
Q

What drug should be avoided in the 1st trimester and at term?

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfa

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis

A

E. coli

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22
Q

With a kidney infection what is seen on labs?

A

Wide cast

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23
Q

What is the diagnosis used for acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy?

A

Renal ultrasound

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24
Q

What is the study of choice used for acute pyelonephritis?

A

Non-contrast helical/spiral CT

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25
What two drugs are NOT used in acute pyelonephritis?
Nitrofurantoin or Fosfomycin
26
What 3 drugs should be avoided in pregnancy?
Fluroquinolones, amino-glycosides, and tetracyclines
27
What is the intial diagnosic test for IC/Painful bladder syndrome?
Cystoscopy
28
What is the only FDA-approved intra-vesical therapy for ICU/Painful Bladder syndrome?
DMSO/ Dimethyl Sulfoxide
29
What is the most common NGU pathogen of urethritis?
Chlamydia trachomatis
30
What is the most common gonorrhea pathogen of urethritis?
Neisseria gonorrhea
31
What is the test of choice of urethritis?
NAAT
32
What is a complication of urethritis?
infertility
33
What is the most common cause of scrotal pain in adult males?
Epididymitis
34
How is epididymitis dx?
Color Doppler Ultrasound
35
What should not be given if under 35 and suspect STI?
quinolones
36
What is the most common cause of viral orchitis?
Mumps
37
What is the most common complication of Mumps?
Orchitis
38
What is the mc bacterial pathogen in orchitis?
E.coli
39
What is the mc pathogen in acute prostatits?
E.coli
40
What should not be done in a DRE for acute prostatitis?
prostatic massage
41
How long do you wait for PSA?
at least 4 wks
42
What do you avoid in acute prostatits?
Nitrofurantion
43
In a retractile testits where is it pulled into?
Supra-scrotal position
44
What is the most common site for a ectopic descent?
superficial inguinal pouch
45
What is the mc congenital abnormality of a male GU tract?
cryptorchidism
46
What two things are complications of cryptochidism?
inguinal hernia | and torsion
47
What is the most common cause of anterior urethral injury?
straddling
48
What ruptures during a penile fracture?
tunica albuginea
49
When is a surgery delayed for 3mo for what repair?
blunt anterior urethral injury
50
What is the mc urologic finding in children?
VUR
51
What is the test of choice for VUR?
Cystourethrogram VCUG
52
What is the most common type of hydrocele?
idiopathic
53
What is used to detect a hydrocele?
flashlight (transillumination)
54
What is the dx of choice for hydrocele?
US
55
How many years are children with asymptomatic hydrocele observed?
2 yrs
56
What is the treatment of choice for hydrocele?
hydrocelectomy
57
What type of varicocele is uncommon?
unilateral right varicocele
58
Bags of worms?
Varicocele
59
What is the test of choice for varicocele?
Ultrasound
60
What is the test of choice for testicular torsion?
color doppler US
61
What requires immediate surgical referral?
testicular torsion
62
Blue dot
Torsion of appendix testicle
63
Urinary spraying
urethral stricture
64
Confirm dx in urethral stricture?
retrograde urethrogram
65
What is the most common VUR in children?
Primary
66
A communicating hydrocele has what type of fluid?
Peritoneal
67
A non communicating hydrocele has what type of fluid?
Serous fluid
68
What causes a hydrocele to transilluminates
Cystic structure
69
What disorder has eggplant deformity? and what causes it?
Penile fracture | blood trapped in Buck's fascia
70
Grade 1 VUR
backs up into the ureters only w/o dilation
71
Grade 2 VUR
urine fills ureters and the renal pelvis w/o dilation
72
Grade 3 VUR
urine starts to stretch the ureters and the renal pelvis
73
Grade 4 VUR
ureters become curvy; pelvis and calyces become distorted
74
Grade 5 VUR
ureters and kidney swells up completely, leading to renal failure
75
What is the alternative to VCUG?
Radionuclide cystogram
76
Most common physical finding in infertile men?
Varicocele
77
Uncommon side in varicocele?
unilateral right side

Renal (9 decks)

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