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Renal > Quiz 3 Highlights > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Highlights Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Most common ECF buffer?

A

carbonic acid (H2CO3)

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2
Q

Most common ICF buffer?

A

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO) and proteins (albumin)

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3
Q

Main independent urinary buffer?

A

Hydrogen phosphate

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4
Q

Base is ?? related to pH?

A

directly

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5
Q

Acid is ?? related to pH?

A

inversely

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6
Q

Acidemia?

A

<7.35

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7
Q

Alkalema?

A

> 7.45

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8
Q

Anion gap is seen in?

A

metabolic acidosis

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9
Q

What is the normal range of anion gap?

A

6-12

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10
Q

Winter’s formula seen in ?

A

metabolic acidosis

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11
Q

Formula for winter’s formula?

A

pc02= (1.5 x HCO3-) + 8 +/-2

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12
Q

If actual pCO2 is greater than calculated?

A

respiratory acidosis

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13
Q

If actual pCO2 is less than calculated?

A

respiratory alkalosis

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14
Q

Hyperkalemia, drugs?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

Stimulate ventilation?

A

Doxapram HCL

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16
Q

Anxiety, hyperventilation?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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17
Q

Hyperkalemia, Kussmal respirations (DKA)

A

metabolic acidosis

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18
Q

Normal gap with INCREASE in chloride and DECREASE in bicarb?

A

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

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19
Q

Third spacing?

A 
Lymph
Pleural
Peritoneal
Pericardium
CSF
GU
GI
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20
Q

Net movement of atoms from region of high to low

A

diffusion

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21
Q

movement of fluid through a selective permeable membrane from low to high

A

osmosis

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22
Q

pressure that is applied to stop osmosis from crossing membrane

A

osmotic pressure

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23
Q

Keeping fluid from leaving bv

A

hydrostatic pressure

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24
Q

pulling water into the bv

A

oncotic pressure

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25
Most important protein for exerting oncotic pressure in bv?
Albumin
26
Osmolarity is based on
temperature and pressure
27
NA normal levels?
135-145
28
Chloride normal levels?
95-105
29
Without BUN?
Tonicity
30
Potassium normal levels?
3.5-5.0
31
Most abundant ECF electrolyte?
Sodium
32
Most abundant ICF electrolyte?
Potassium
33
Extracellular excitation
sodium
34
intracellular excitation
potassium
35
Most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized pts?
hyponatremia
36
Most common hyponatremia?
hypotonic (90%)
37
Pseudohyponatremia?
Isotonic hyponatremia
38
Volume status?
hypotonic hyponatremia
39
SIADH?
Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
40
Hypovolemic txt?
normal saline or lactated ringers
41
Problem associated w/hypovolemic txt?
Central pontine myelinolysis (CMP)
42
Cerebral edema?
hypernatremia
43
Most common cause in developing countries of hypokalemia?
GI loss from infectious diarrhea
44
Hypokalemia is most commonly seen what other electrolyte problem?
low magnesium
45
Broaden T waves, Prominent U waves, PVCs?
Hypokalemia
46
Txt for hypokalemia?
oral potassium | IV potassium <3.0
47
Most common cause/factor in hyperkalemia?
impaired renal excretion of K+
48
Fist clenching and Trousseau sign?
Hyperkalemia
49
Peaked T waves, BBB?
hyperkalemia
50
Txt for chronic hyperkalemia?
Patiromer (FDA approved K+ binder)
51
Sodium polystyrene risk?
colonic necrosis
52
What percent of americans are chronically dehydrated?
75%
53
Minimum required water intake?
1600ml
54
Most water is intaked through?
food
55
Fluid loss that can be measured
Sensible loss
56
Fluid loss that cannot be measured
Insensible loss
57
Most at risk for dehydration?
elderly and infants
58
Most commonly seen over 40s?
Hypovolemia
59
Txt given first in hypovolemia?
oxygen
60
The most common result of fluid overload?
CHF
61
Txt for hypervolemia?
diuretic (Furosemide)
62
Most common used products (crystalloids)
NS and LR (lactate ringer's)
63
Mixture w/ dispersed insoluble particles suspended throughout another substance
Colloids
64
What are two colloids?
dextran and gelatin
65
What are 4 disadvantages to colloids?
allergic rxn (anaphylaxis) coagulation abnormalities-primary bleeding Renal failure Increase cost
66
0-10 kg give ?
4ml
67
11-20 kg give?
2 ml
68
>21 kg give?
1 ml
69
Most abundant compartment on in the body?
intracellular (ICF)
70
What is the difference between osmolality and tonicity?
BUN
71
Black licorice
glycyrrhizinic acid

Renal (9 decks)

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