QUIZ 1

Question 1

attentive listening

Answer 1

listening actively, using all senses, as opposed to listening passively with just the ear
Ex: don’t react quickly, don’t interrupt, ask questions to clarify, empathic presence (SOLER: face person Squarely, Open posture, Lean towards person, Eye contact, Relaxed

Question 2

elderspeak

Answer 2

speech style similar to babytalk; gives the message of dependence and incompetence to older adults
Ex: terms of endearment (honey, sweetie), inappropriate plural pronoun (are we ready for our bath?), tag questions (you want to wear this dress) and slow/loud speech

Question 3

empathy

Answer 3

the ability to discriminate what the other person’s world is like and to communicate to the other this understanding in a way that shows that the helper understands the client’s feelings and the behavior and experience underlying these feelings
Ex: trying to understand another’s position

Question 4

proxemics

Answer 4

the study of distance between people in their interactions

Ex: intimate (0-1.5 ft). personal (1.5-4 ft). social (4-12 ft). public(12 ft+)

Question 5

afebrile

Answer 5

absence of a fever

Ex: someone with a temperature of 98 degrees farenheit

Question 6

apical pulse

Answer 6

a central pulse located at the apex of the heart

Ex: locate apical pulse at fifth intercostal space at the left midclavicular line

Question 7

apnea

Answer 7

a complete absence of respirations

Ex: sleep apnea; episodes of no breathing during sleep evidenced by daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, restless sleep

Question 8

arrhythmia

Answer 8

an irregular heart rhythm

Ex: atrial fibrilation (chaotic fast heart rhythm)

Question 9

auscultatory gap

Answer 9

the temporary disappearance of sounds normally heard over the brachial artery when the sphygmomanometer cuff pressure is high, followed by the reappearance of sounds at a lower level
Ex: diminished/absence of Korotkoff sounds when manually taking BP, occurs primarily in hypertensive pts

Question 10

basal metabolic rate

Answer 10

the rate of energy utilization in the body required to maintain essential activities such as breathing
Ex: amount of calories or rate of energy needed to breathe

Question 11

bradycardia

Answer 11

abnormally slow pulse rate, Ex: less than 60bpm

Question 12

core temperature

Answer 12

the temperature of the deep tissues of the body (e.g., abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity). when measured orally, the average body temperature of an adult is between 36.7 celsius and 37 celsius (98 and 98.6Fahrenheit)
ex: abdominal core temp of patient is 98F

Question 13

fever

Answer 13

elevated body temperature

ex: pt with upper respiratory infection has temp of 101F

Question 14

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 14

decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes from lying to sitting or standing positions
Ex: pt feels lightheaded when getting up from seated position

Question 15

pulse deficit

Answer 15

the difference between the apical pulse and the radial pulse
Ex: with dysrhythmia, heart can contract ineffectively, resulting in beat at apical site but no pulsation at radial pulse

Question 16

pulse pressure

Answer 16

the difference between the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure. normal pulse pressure is 40mmHg but can be as high as 100mmHg during exercise
Ex: if BP is 120/80, 120-80=40mmHg as pulse pressure

Question 17

point of maximal impulse

Answer 17

the point where the apex of the heart touches the anterior chest wall and heart movements are most easily observed and palpated
Ex: taking apical pulse at this point

Question 18

surface temperature

Answer 18

the temperature of tissue, the subcutaneous tissue, and fat

Ex: inside, temp is usually 98F. surface temp can rise outside in the heat. core temp would remain constant.

Question 19

tachycardia

Answer 19

an abnormally rapid pulse rate; Ex: greater than 100bpm

Question 20

tachypnea

Answer 20

normal breathing pattern, abnormally fast respirations; Ex: usually more than 24 respirations per minute

Question 21

tidal volume

Answer 21

the volume of air that is normally inhaled and exhaled

Ex: adult takes in 500mL air during normal inspiration and expiration

Question 22

active immunity

Answer 22

a resistance of the body to infection in which the host produces its own antibodies in response to natural or artificial antigens
Ex: antibodies formed in presence of active infection of the body (known as natural active immunity) or antibodies formed in response to a vaccine or toxoid (known as artificial active immunity)

Question 23

airborne precautions

Answer 23

used for clients known t o have or suspected of having serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns
Ex: measles, varicella, TB are all airborne precautions. must wash hands before and after contact, wear N95 mask

Question 24

asepsis

Answer 24

freedom from infection or infectious material

Ex: cleaning down bedside table/call button

Question 25

bacteremia

Answer 25

bacteria in blood | Ex: staphylococcus aureus presence in blood from skin wound or respiratory tract infection

Question 26

colonization

Answer 26

the presence of organisms in body secretions or excretions in which strains of bacteria become resident flora but do not cause illness Ex: E coli normally reside and colonize in intestines without causing illness (cause illness if it moves somewhere else like bladder and causes UTI)

Question 27

contact precautions

Answer 27

used for clients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct client contact or by contact with items in the client's environment (GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections, etc.) Ex: VRE, E. coli, shigella, Hep A. place client in private room, hand hygiene before and after, wear gloves, wear gown if possibility of splashing or contact of infected surfaces

Question 28

cultures

Answer 28

laboratory cultivations of microorganisms in a special growth medium Ex: scientist can grow a culture of a virus on agar plate to study growth

Question 29

granulation tissue

Answer 29

young connective tissue with new capillaries formed in the wound healing process. replaces damaged tissue. it's fragile, gelatinous, appears pink or red, later the tissue shrinks and collagen fibers contract and a firm fibrous tissue remains (aka a scar). Ex: scars formed where a wound was on the arm after a laceration

Question 30

inflammation

Answer 30

local and nonspecific defensive tissue response to injury or destruction of cells. adaptive mechanism that destroys or dilutes the injurious agent, prevents spread of injury, and promotes repaired tissue damage. (characterized by 5 signs: pain, swelling, redness, heat, impaired function) Ex: ankle swelling after a sprain, redness and warmness present

Question 31

leukocytosis

Answer 31

an increase in the number of white blood cells | Ex: typically for WBC count greater than 10k. pt with an upper respiratory infection has elevated leukocyte levels

Question 32

medical asepsis

Answer 32

all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to a specific area, limiting the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms. objects after medical asepsis are considered "clean" meaning absence of almost all microorganisms Ex: cleaning a patient's room, hand hygiene

Question 33

nosocomial infection

Answer 33

infections that originate in a hospital | Ex: catheter associated UTI after insertion in hospital. no presence of infection until 48 hours after admission

Question 34

passive immunity

Answer 34

passive (acquired) immunity: a resistance of the body to infection in which the host receives natural or artificial antibodies produced by another source Ex: antibodies are transferred through mother to baby by placenta (passive natural) or from an animal to a human by injecting immune serum antibody (passive artificial)

Question 35

surgical asepsis

Answer 35

practices that keep an area or object free of all microorganisms; also called sterile technique Ex: free the equipment of microorganisms. ex use sterile technique for urinary catheter insertion and with sterile dressing changes

Question 36

septicemia

Answer 36

occurs when bacteremia results in systemic infection | Ex: UTI reaches blood and causes systemic infection

Question 37

standard precautions

Answer 37

the risk of caregiver exposure to client body tissues and fluids rather than the suspected presence or absence of infectious organisms determines the use of clean gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection Ex: hand hygiene, PPE (gloves, gowns, eyewear, mask), safe injection practices, safe handling of potentially infected equipment, respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette

Question 38

asphyxiation

Answer 38

lack of oxygen due to interrupted breathing | Ex: when foreign object is lodged in someone's throat and they start choking

Question 39

carbon monoxide

Answer 39

an odorless, colorless, tasteless gas that is very toxic Ex: exposure causes symptoms like headaches, dizziness, weakness. can be from all gas powered vehicles like lawn mowers, kerosene stove, barbecues, burning wood

Question 40

chemical restraint

Answer 40

medications used to control socially disruptive behavior | Ex: benzodiazepines, antipsychotics (FDA has not approved any chemical restrains in USA)

Question 41

physical restraint

Answer 41

any manual method or physical or mechanical device, material, or equipment attached to a client's body that cannot be removed easily and that restricts the client's movement Ex: attaching wrist restrains to pt who keeps tugging at NG tube

Question 42

seizure

Answer 42

a sudden onset of excessive electrical discharges in one or more areas of the brain Ex: myoclonic seizure evident by muscle jerks

Question 43

seizure precautions

Answer 43

safety measures taken to protect clients from injury should they have a seizure Ex: wearing alert bracelet, teaching about factors that may precipitate a seizure to pt

Question 44

AAA

Answer 44

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 45

A&O

Answer 45

alert and oriented

Question 46

AB

Answer 46

abortion

Question 47

ac

Answer 47

before meals

Question 48

AC

Answer 48

antecubital

Question 49

ACE

Answer 49

angiotensin converting enzyme

Question 50

ACS

Answer 50

acute coronary syndrome

Question 51

ADA

Answer 51

American Diabetes Association

Question 52

ADHD

Answer 52

attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Question 53

ADL

Answer 53

activities of daily living

Question 54

AED

Answer 54

automatic external defibrilator

Question 55

ad lib

Answer 55

as desired

Question 56

ADH

Answer 56

anti diuretic hormone

Question 57

AIDS

Answer 57

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 58

afib

Answer 58

atrial fibrilation

Question 59

AICD

Answer 59

automatic internal cardiac defibrillate

Question 60

AKA

Answer 60

above knee amputation

Question 61

ALS

Answer 61

advanced life support

Question 62

AMA

Answer 62

against medical advice

Question 63

amb

Answer 63

ambulance/ambulatory

Question 64

ant

Answer 64

anterior

Question 65

AP

Answer 65

anteroposterior

Question 66

ARDS

Answer 66

acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 67

AROM

Answer 67

active range of motion

Question 68

ASA

Answer 68

aspirin

Question 69

ASD

Answer 69

atrial septal defect

Question 70

ATN

Answer 70

acute tubular necrosis

Question 71

AU

Answer 71

both ears

Question 72

AVM

Answer 72

arteriovenous malformation

Question 73

ABG

Answer 73

arterial blood gas

Question 74

boundaries

Answer 74

boundaries are defined by Boyd as limits of individuals, objects, or relationships Ex: declining invitation to go out with patient, not accepting monetary gifts

Question 75

bullying

Answer 75

workplace bullying is defined as "repeawted, unreasonable actions of individuals (or a group) directed towards an employee (or groups of employees) which are intended to intimidate, degrade, humiliate, or undermine; or which create a risk to the health or safty of the employee(s). perpetrator is usually at a higher level of power (actual or perceived) than victim. Ex: harassing, threatening someone

Question 76

emotional intelligence

Answer 76

the ability to form work relationships with colleagues, display maturity in a variety of situations, and resolve conflicts while taking into consideration the emotions of others. people with this are viewed as mature, approachable, easygoing. Ex: someone resolves conflicts well while taking into consideration other's feelings

Question 77

incivility

Answer 77

rude or disruptive behavior that may result in psychological or physiological distress for the people involved, and if left unaddressed, may progress into threatening situations. (ranges from distracting, annoying, irritating behaviors to bullying, menacing, potentially violence) Ex: eye rolling, sarcastic comments

Question 78

lateral violence

Answer 78

physical, verbal, or emotional abuse or aggression directed at RN coworkers at the same organizational level. it usually includes verbal or nonverbal (rather than physical) aggressive behaviors. examples of these behaviors include gossiping, verbal abuse (speech that is intended to humiliate or embarrass another person), withholding information, snide remarks, abrupt responses, sabotage, scapegoating, not available to help, complaining to others about one individual, ostracism, and failure to respect the privacy of others Ex: gossiping, verbal abuse, snide remarks

Question 79

mean arterial pressure

Answer 79

the MAP represents the pressure actually delivered to the body's organs. it is calculated in several different ways, one of which is to add two-thirds of the diastolic pressure to one-third of the systolic pressure. Ex: a normal MAP is 70-110mmHg.

Question 80

oxygen saturation

Answer 80

this value is the percent of all hemoglobin binding sites that are occupied by oxygen. the value is determined using a pulse oximeter to detect hypoxemia before clinical signs and symptoms appear. Ex: normal o2 sat is 95-100%, below 70 is life threatening

Question 81

direct transmission

Answer 81

involves immediate and direct transfer of microorganisms from person to person thru biting, kissing, sex. droplet spread is also a form of this, but only if the source and host are within 1m or 3feet of each other. Ex: through touching, kissing, biting, sex, droplet can be direct if within 1 ft when sneezing, coughing, spitting, talking

Question 82

health care associated infection

Answer 82

infections that originate in any health care setting | Ex: catheter associated uti, ventilator associated pneumonia

Question 83

indirect transmission

Answer 83

this can be either vehicle or vector borne. vector borne: an animal/flying/crawling insect that serves as an intermediate means of transporting an infectious agent. vehicle borne: any substance that serves as an intermediate means of transport and introduces an infectious agent into a susceptible host through a suitable portal of entry. (handkerchiefs, toys, clothes, food) Ex: fomites (inanimate objects like toys), water, food, plasma