Quiz 1 Flashcards
(50 cards)
4 factors essential for cell differentiation
Cell-cell communication, growth factors, ECM, cell location in differentiating embryo
Totipotent
Most undifferentiated
Pluripotent
Becomes trophoblast with ICM, forms placenta and fetal membranes (three membranes)
Multipotent
Adult stem cells
Ectoderm gives rise to…
Skin and nervous system
Mesoderm gives rise to…
Blood, circulatory system
Endoderm gives rise to…
Lining of digestive and resp systems
4 major tissue types
Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Epithelial tissue characteristics
One or more layers of densely arranged cells with very little ECM
Connective tissue characteristics
Few cells surrounded by lots of ECM
What is the ECM made from
Secretions of fibroblasts
Muscle tissue characteristics
Long, fiberlike cells
What happens when blood glucose rises?
Beta cells in pancreas release insulin, insulin signals to the liver to take up glucose and store as glycogen
What happens when blood glucose falls?
Alpha cells in the pancreas release glucagon, glucagon signals to the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose
3 levels of homeostatic control
Intracellular, intrinsic, extrinsic
Where is loose connective tissue found?
Skin, blood vessels, organs, under epithelia
Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?
Muscle and nerve sheaths
Where is dense regular connective tissue found?
Tendons (bone to muscle) and ligaments (bone to bone)
Skeletal muscle has…
Striations
Cardiac muscle has…
Striations, intercalated disks
Smooth muscle has…
NO striations
Two ways to get stem cells for research
From embryos or somatic cell nuclear transfer
Factors to induce pluripotency
Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4
What cells are used to make iPS cells
Fibroblasts
