Quiz 2 Flashcards
(48 cards)
4 methods of cell-cell communication
Gap junctions, contact dependent signals, chemicals that diffuse, long-distance
What protein is involved in gap junctions
Connexins
What proteins are involved in contact dependent signaling
CAMs and integrins
What are some properties of granulosa cells
They release estrogen, have both autocrine and paracrine potential
What is involved in long distance cell-cell communication
Neurotransmitters
What is an example of a neurohormone
Oxytocin
Lipophobic =
Cannot pass through PM, hydrophilic, bind to extracellular receptors
Lipophilic =
Can pass through PM, hydrophobic
What can 2nd messengers do?
Alter gating of ion channels, increase intracellular Ca, and change enzyme activity
Tyrosine kinase
Receptor enzyme, insulin receptor, signal molecule binding causes TK to phosphorylate tyrosine
When G proteins are active they…
Open ion channels and alter enzyme activity in cytoplasm, bound to GTP
Adenylyl Cyclase-cAMP
GPCR amplifier enzyme pathway, converts ATP to CAMP
The Phospholipase C System
GPCR amplifier enzyme pathway, creates IP3 and DAG (DAG to PKC)
IP3 releases Ca stores and PKC phosphorylates proteins
How can Ca enter the cell
Through voltage gated ion channels or binding of ligand to mechanically gated channel
Hormones of the Ant Pituitary
TSH, ACTH, GH, PRL, HSH, FSH/LH
Hormones of the Post Pituitary
Vasopressin and oxytocin
Hypothyroidism causes…
Physical growth and development problems, impaired brain development, enlarged thyroid
Hyperthyroidism causes…
Graves disease, autoimmune disorder
Hormone classification by structure
Hydrophilic and lipophilic
Hydrophilic hormones
Water soluble, most are peptide or protein
ex. insulin and epinephrine
Lipophilic hormones
Ex. Thyroid hormones (aa derivative) and steroid (derived from cholesterol)
Hormone classification by function
Tropic, sex and anabolic
Precursors of hydrophilic hormones
Preprohormones
Examples of steroid hormones
Cortisol, aldosterone, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
