quiz 1: CNs 1 and 2

Question 1

CN 1 is called the ___ nerve

Answer 1

olfactory

Question 2

primary sensory neurons are called ___

Answer 2

olfactory neurons

Question 3

olfactory neurons are ___

Answer 3

bipolar

Question 4

where are olfactory neurons found?

Answer 4

olfactory epithelium lining the superior part of the nasal cavity

Question 5

what covers the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 5

a thin layer of mucus

Question 6

what supports olfactory neurons?

Answer 6

supporting cells

Question 7

what functions as receptors?

Answer 7

hairs

Question 8

are olfactory neuron axons myelinated?

Answer 8

no, but covered by Schwann cells

Question 9

where do olfactory nerves pass through?

Answer 9

cribriform plate

Question 10

what is the pathway of olfactory nerves?

Answer 10

olfactory bulb-> synapse on dendrites of mitral cells

Question 11

what are formed at the synapses?

Answer 11

synaptic glomeruli

Question 12

what are the secondary sensory neurons?

Answer 12

mitral cells

Question 13

where are mitral cell’s cell bodies located?

Answer 13

in the olfactory bulb

Question 14

how do mitral cells relay information?

Answer 14

via the olfactory tract

Question 15

where do tract fibers split?

Answer 15

at the anterior perforated substance

Question 16

do medial stria fibers cross the midline?

Answer 16

yes, via the anterior commissure

Question 17

where do medial stria fibers travel to?

Answer 17

the opposite olfactory bulb

Question 18

where do lateral stria fibers carry information to?

Answer 18

primary olfactory cortex

Question 19

where specifically do lateral stria fibers carry information to?

Answer 19

periamygdaloid and prepiriform area, and the uncus (BA 34)

Question 20

what is considered part of the secondary olfactory cortex?

Answer 20

entorhinal area

Question 21

how many neurons does it take to go from the receptor to the cortex?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

what structure doesn’t have a synapse?

Answer 22

thalamus

Question 23

info about the terminal nerve

Answer 23

from nasal septum; autonomic

Question 24

info about the vomeronasal nerve

Answer 24

poorly developed in humans; important for tracking prey

Question 25

what is the term for loss of smell

Answer 25

anosmia

Question 26

when you have CSF dripping from your nose, what can that be an indicator of?

Answer 26

skull fracture

Question 27

what is the name for CN 2?

Answer 27

optic nerve

Question 28

how many layers does the eye have?

Answer 28

3

Question 29

what is the outermost layer of the eye?

Answer 29

fibrous tunic

Question 30

what does the fibrous tunic consist of?

Answer 30

sclera and cornea

Question 31

what is a continuation of the sclera?

Answer 31

cornea

Question 32

what is the middle layer of the eye?

Answer 32

vascular tunic

Question 33

what does the vascular tunic consist of?

Answer 33

ciliary body, iris, choroid

Question 34

what is the innermost layer of the eye?

Answer 34

retina

Question 35

what layer of the retina is adjacent to the choroid?

Answer 35

pigmented layer

Question 36

what layer of the retina is photosensitive?

Answer 36

outer segment-> rods and cones

Question 37

what layer of the retina is between the outer segment and outer nuclear layers?

Answer 37

external limiting membrane

Question 38

which layer of the retina contains rod and cone cell bodies?

Answer 38

outer nuclear layer

Question 39

which layer of the retina contains rod and cone and bipolar cell synapses?

Answer 39

outer plexiform layer

Question 40

which layer of the retina contains cell bodies of bipolar cells?

Answer 40

inner nuclear layer

Question 41

which layer of the retina contains bipolar cells and ganglion cells synapses?

Answer 41

inner plexiform layer

Question 42

which layer of the retina contains ganglion cells?

Answer 42

ganglion cell layer

Question 43

which layer of the retina contains unmyelinated retinal ganglion cell axons?

Answer 43

nerve fiber layer

Question 44

which layer of the retina is a glial boundary separating the retina from the vitreous body?

Answer 44

internal limiting membrane

Question 45

which layer of the retina contains cones and is where a retina would detach?

Answer 45

internal limiting membrane

Question 46

which receives color information: rods or cones?

Answer 46

cones

Question 47

what makes cones most functional?

Answer 47

adequate lighting

Question 48

what is the name of the point where you can see most clearly?

Answer 48

fovea centralis

Question 49

which can only sense light and dark: rods or cones?

Answer 49

rods

Question 50

are there rods in the fovea centralis?

Answer 50

no

Question 51

depolarized photoreceptors relay information to bipolar cells by synapsing in the ___

Answer 51

outer plexiform layer

Question 52

bipolar cell bodies are found in the ___

Answer 52

inner nuclear layer

Question 53

bipolar cells relay information to ___

Answer 53

ganglion cells

Question 54

bipolar cell and ganglion cell synapses occur in the ___

Answer 54

inner plexiform layer

Question 55

axons from ganglion cells are conveyed in the nerve fiber layer toward the ___

Answer 55

optic disc

Question 56

what are the axons carried in after leaving the eyeball?

Answer 56

optic nerve

Question 57

where do optic nerves enter the skull?

Answer 57

optic canal-> unites to form the optic chiasma

Question 58

are nerve fiber layer axons myelinated?

Answer 58

no

Question 59

are optic nerve axons myelinated?

Answer 59

yes

Question 60

what cells form the myelin?

Answer 60

interfascicular oligodendrocytes

Question 61

in the optic chiasma, fibers from the ___ side of each retina will cross

Answer 61

medial

Question 62

optic chiasma fibers split to form the ___

Answer 62

optic tracts

Question 63

what does the optic tract travel around?

Answer 63

cerebral peduncles

Question 64

where do the optic tracts fibers synapse on?

Answer 64

lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus, pretectal nucleus of the midbrain

Question 65

from the lateral geniculate body, where are fibers relayed?

Answer 65

cerebral cortex in BA 17

Question 66

what muscles are influenced by the tectospinal tract?

Answer 66

trapezius and SCM

Question 67

fibers in the pretectal nucleus deal with ___

Answer 67

light reflexes

Question 68

what is affected when there is a lesion in the optic nerve?

Answer 68

depth perception

Question 69

what is affected by a lesion in the optic chiasma?

Answer 69

tunnel vision

Question 70

what is caused by a lesion in the optic tract?

Answer 70

loss of half of visual field

Question 71

visual reflexes: afferent only, efferent only, or both?

Answer 71

afferent only

Question 72

what are some visual reflexes?

Answer 72

direct and consensual light reflexes, accommodation reflex, corneal reflex, convergence