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Fixed Prosthodontics > Quiz #1: Intro + Alginate > Flashcards

Quiz #1: Intro + Alginate Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What does fixed prosthodontic treatment involve?

A
  • replacement/restoration of teeth by substitutes
  • substitutes are not readily removable from mouth
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2
Q

What are the important qualities of the fixed prosthedontics course?

A
  • attendance
  • timeliness
  • cleanliness
  • protection
  • ergonomics
  • practice
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2
Q

What is the focus of restoration?

A
  • restore function
  • restore esthetics
  • comfort
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3
Q

What is a crown prep?

A

When prepare tooth structure to facilitate delivery of final restoration

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4
Q

What are the two types of delivery of a final restoration?

A
  1. cementation
  2. bonding
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5
Q

What composes the basic amamentarium?

A
  1. handpieces (high and slow speed)
  2. typodont (maxillary/mandibular)
  3. mannequin
  4. burs
  5. mirror (to help see/retract)
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6
Q

What is the RPM range of the high speed handpiece?

A

200,000 - 400,000 RPM

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7
Q

How much water for microstone?

A

40 mL

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8
Q

How to mix together microstone and water?

A

powder to water
- water in bowl first
- then add powder

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9
Q

What is the use of the vibrating platform?

A

To release air bubbles

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10
Q

Describe the alginate impression material.

A

Irreversible hydrocolloid impression material

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10
Q

What is alginate composed of?

A
  • mucous extract from brown seaweed (algae)
  • 15% potassium alginate (from seaweed)
  • 16% calcium sulfate
  • trisodium phosphate
  • 60% Diatomaceous earth
  • 4% zinc oxide
  • 3% potassium titanium fluoride
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11
Q

Why is alginate irreversible?

A

Once it has set, cannot be returned to liquid state

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12
Q

What does hydrocolloid mean?

A

a mixture within water
- Hydro = water
- colloid = particles of one substance that are evenly dispersed through another substance

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13
Q

What is the importance of trisodium phosphate in alginate?

A

Slows down the reaction time for mixing
reacts with calcium sulfate

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14
Q

What is the water soluble salt of alginic acid?

A

Potassium alginate

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14
Q

Describe the importance of calcium sulfate in alginate.

A

reacts with potassium alginate
forms the gel: calcium alginate

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15
Q

Regular or fast set types of alginate depends on the level of ___________.

A

trisodium phosphate

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16
Q

What is the retarder in alginate?

A

Trisodium phosphate

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17
Q

What is the equation of trisodium phosphate?

A

Na3PO4

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18
Q

What provides the filler for bulk of the material?

A

Diatomaceous earth (and zinc oxide but much less)

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19
Q

What is the purpose of potassium titanium fluoride in alginate?

A

added for surface strength

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20
Q

What are the phases of alginate setting?

A
  1. Sol
  2. Gel phase
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21
Q

What is the Sol phase of alginate setting?

A

When the alginate is in liquid or semiliquid form

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22
What is the Gel phase of alginate setting?
When alginate is in semisolid or gelatinous phase
22
What is purpose of diagnostic impression?
- replicate teeth and soft tissue - include vestibules and palate
23
What are diagnostic impressions most commonly used for?
Diagnosis
24
Are alginate diagnostic impressions accurate or inaccurate?
Inaccurate
25
What are some advantages of alginate?
- pleasant odor - biocompatible - economic - adequate shelf life for storage/distribution - easy to use with minimal equipment - satisfactory consistency and texture - elastic properties - adequate strength - dimensional stability (long enough to produce cast) - no release of gas/other byproducts
26
What is most critical when doing alginate manipulation?
Stock tray selection/modification
27
Which causes alginate to set faster? Hot or cold water?
Hot
28
What must be removed to prevent dilution of gypsum mix, yielding a soft, chalky surface?
Free water
29
What is the general working time of alginate?
1. Mix alginate/water - 0:30 2. Working time - 1:00 3. Setting time - 1:30 Total time: 3:00 minutes
30
When should you pour gypsum into an alginate model? Why?
Immediately longer you leave it the more likely the impression will distort water within it will evaporate
31
When should you disinfect the alginate impression?
5-10 minutes
32
When should you separate the model from the impression? Why?
45 min - 1 hr If leave in too long, soluble Ca dihydrate of gypsum will react with water in gel cause surface quality loss
33
What is undercut?
Imagine you fill a bucket with rubber but the bucket walls are not straight (narrower at bottom than at rim) will pull it out, will leave some left in bucket THAT is called undercut
34
calcium sulfate + potassium alginate = ________
calcium alginate
35
What does an impression show?
patient bite/alignment/fracture when patient is not present in the office
36
What is syneresis?
LOSS OF WATER When alginate is mixed with water, the water EASILY evaporates, distorting it Gives off water to atmosphere
37
What can cause inadequate impressions?
- Inadequate tray size/fit; inadequate tray retention - Undermixing powder/liquid - Seating or moving tray in the mouth during gelation of material - Under seating tray - Long delay in pour-up of impression - Excess moisture in impression during pour-up. - Distortion caused by removal of impression from severe undercuts
38
What is imbibition?
ABSORPTION OF WATER When alginate absorbs too much water Absorb water from atmosphere
39
Irreversible hydrocolloid is largely what?
Water
40
What is the chemical formula of calcium sulfate dihydrate?
CaSO4*2H2O
41
Describe calcium sulfate dihydrate.
Naturally occuring white powdery mineral
42
What is the dental version of calcium sulfate dihydrate?
Calcium sulfate hemihydrate CaSO4 * 1/2H2O
42
What is the difference between the ADA gypsum type products?
identical chemical formula of calcium sulfate hemihydrate BUT have different particle size and physical properties for different tasks differ in manner of which H2O is driven off the Ca sulfate dihydrate
43
What is calcination?
manner in which H2O is driven off the Ca sulfate dihydrate
44
What causes the setting reaction for calcium sulfate hemihydrate?
Hydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (adding water)
44
What type of gypsum did we use in sim lab?
Type III
44
What does MORE water in the water to powder ratio do for alginate?
- less strength - more porosity - less expansion - increased setting time
45
_______ the amount or speed of spatulation (mixing) shortens the setting time
Increasing
46
The setting reaction of gypsum is an ____________ reactions.
Exothermic
47
What can affect the setting time?
- temperature of water - environment - temperature of room/body
48
Why are gypsum products kept in closed container?
To prevent imbibition of water from environment
49
How to decrease setting time of alginate
- hot water - less water - increased spatulation time - use slurry water
49
How to increase setting time
- cold water - more water - decreased spatulation time
50
Why do we make mounted study models?
1. treatment planning 2. dental legal records 3. provisional restorations
50
What is another name for gypsum?
Microstone
51
What makes proper tray size?
- tray should be able to capture vestibule - maxillary tray should extend to distal most tooth and tuberosities - mandibular tray should extend to distal most tooth and retromolar pad
52
How to center the tray?
- align teeth - align handle with nose - seat tray with equal pressure on both sides
53
What are abnormal piece of stone that "stick out" of the impression surface called?
positive blebs
53
What are the dimensions of the bases?
15 mm for maxillary 13 mm for mandibular
54
What are the ADA gypsum products?
1. Type I: Impression Plaster. Mounting stone 2. Type II: Model Plaster. 3. Type III: Dental Stone (study casts, master casts). (microstone) (all purpose) 4. Type IV: Hight-Strength low expansion Dental Stone (Die stone, ). 5. Type V: High-Strength, high-expansion Dental stone

Fixed Prosthodontics (4 decks)

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