quiz #1 - medications

Question 1

when drugs are emplyed in an unofficial manner (not FDA approved) and used for something else rather than official recommendation

Answer 1

“off-label” use

ex: aspirin is analgesic, but also used as an anticoagulant/ blood thinner to prevent heart attacks or strokes

Question 2

which ways can you classify drugs?

Answer 2

regulatory bodies:
1. Non-prescription (OTC)
2. Prescription
3. Restricted & controlled

medicinal & chemical properties:
1. Therapeutic properties
2. Action or effect on specific body system
3. Chemical structure

Question 3

time it takes for the body’s normal metabolic & elimination processes to reduce blood concentration of a drug to one half (50%)

Answer 3

half life

Question 4

key organs of metabolism & elimination

Answer 4

liver = metabolism

kidneys = elimination

Question 5

what is the fastest way to get a drug in you?

Answer 5

parenteral administration (injection)
IV = immediate action

Question 6

amount of a drug that actually enters the systemic circulation and is available to produce its effects

Answer 6

bioavailability

Question 7

common side effects of taking any medication

Answer 7

headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, swollen ankles, rash, numbness or tingling, mm & joint pain

Question 8

how would you modify a treatment for someone with temperature regulation?

Answer 8

modified temp (contrast = 20-30º instead of 10-40º)

fatigue: shorter Tx time
pain killers: no aggressive work

Question 9

what do you need to consider when massaging a client who is wearing a medication patch?

Answer 9

-no manipulation in/ around patch
-red/ irritated, leave it alone
-infected/ inflamed, determine how long & what Tx has been given
-fever, massage may be too taxing

Question 10

common side effects from injection sites

Answer 10

irritation
inflammation
infection

Question 11

common muscles for intramuscular injections

Answer 11

-middle delts
-glute med & max
-middle ⅓ of thigh between greater trochanter & knee

Question 12

common muscles for subcutaneous injections

Answer 12

upper arm
abdomen
anterior thigh

Question 13

how does a drug alter cellular activities?

Answer 13

-combining with specific cellular receptors
-chemically altering body fluids
-chemically altering cell membranes
-interacting with extracellular enzyme systems

Question 14

corticosteroids are used for pain & inflammation, but what side effect do they often have as well?

Answer 14

weaken CT of skin, fascia, ligaments & mm

Question 15

pharmacodynamics is what the ____ does to the ____

pharmacokinetics is what the ____ does to a ____

Answer 15

drug; body

body; drug

Question 16

brand or generic?
tylenol
ibuprofen
advil
acetaminophen

Answer 16

tylenol = brand
ibuprofen = generic
advil = brand
acetaminophen = generic

Question 17

effects of medications can be grouped into what 3 categories?

Answer 17

therapeutic
side effects/ adverse
unpredictable

Question 18

when are unpredictable effects of medications more likely?

Answer 18

when Pt taking more than one medication

Question 19

2 types of unpredictable effects of medications

Answer 19

allergic/ hypersensitivity
idiosyncratic

Question 20

a severe allergic response can lead to what?

Answer 20

anaphylactic shock

Question 21

are idiosyncratic reactions common or rare?

Answer 21

RARE

Question 22

what is the onset of action of a medication?

Answer 22

time before user feels effects

Question 23

what type of administration has immediate action?

Answer 23

IV

orally = 30 min

Question 24

what type of administration has 100% bioavailability?

Answer 24

by IV

Question 25

5 main routes of administration of medications

Answer 25

1. oral 2. mucous membrane 3. topical 4. parenteral 5. implanted catheters/ drug pumps

Question 26

with oral administration, how long does it take for drug to enter bloodstream for solid & liquid preparations?

Answer 26

solid = 30-60 min liquid = 15 min

Question 27

examples of medication application via mucous membrane

Answer 27

under tongue, inhaled, rectal

Question 28

with topical applications of meds like skin patches, the therapist should be careful because they can be _____ by the meds if it comes into contact with their skin

Answer 28

"dosed"

Question 29

administration by injection

Answer 29

parenteral

Question 30

intrathecal injection

Answer 30

into spinal column perineural: in vicinity of nerve

Question 31

long acting formula when prolonged medication effect is needed

Answer 31

depot injection ex: contraceptives that slowly release into bloodstream IM, intra-articular, subcutaneous

Question 32

what is the first pass effect?

Answer 32

when a drug enters the bloodstream

Question 33

what types of medication administration skip the first pass effect, making it have a higher bioavailability and onset of action?

Answer 33

sublingual, intravenous, intramuscular

Question 34

in Pt with liver or kidney disease there will be more ____ to interact with target cells and they are at ____ for drug toxicity

Answer 34

free drug greater risk

Question 35

drug side effects that mimic common complaints

Answer 35

headache, fatigue, swollen ankles, mm & joint pain

Question 36

during palpation of a drug administration site, what might you feel around a site that is repeatedly used for injections?

Answer 36

edematous, fibrotic with fascial restrictions

Question 37

3 ways that concurrent use of drugs can affect hydrotherapy

Answer 37

-blood vessel reactions to hot/cold -sensitivity of skin to temp changes -body's temp control mechanisms

Question 38

when blood vessels are vasodilated, all extreme hydro is ____

Answer 38

CI'd cold plunge CI'd if Pt taking drugs that alter body temp control

Question 39

if experiencing exercise intolerance due to meds, what are some guidelines for how to manage this?

Answer 39

1-2 activities at a time, progressive plan, plan around lifestyle

Question 40

why do you need to be cautious with any manipulation on or around an injection site, skin patch or implanted device

Answer 40

potential to alter pharmacokinetics of drug

Question 41

you must be conscientious about ____ when palpating around injection site

Answer 41

hygiene

Question 42

if your Pt has thromboplebitis due to IV injection, massage work over or local to site is ____

Answer 42

CI'd

Question 43

if clt has long-acting depot shot then massage over site is ____ and more focused work on tissue site should wait a minimum of ___ days from discontinuation of meds

Answer 43

CI'd 10

Question 44

if a clt has an implanted device or skin patch, you should work outside a ____cm radius of device or patch

Answer 44

10-12

Question 45

muscles most commonly utilized for intramuscular (IM) injections

Answer 45

deltoids glutes quads

Question 46

3 circulatory factors that affect drug distribution

Answer 46

1. rate of blood flow to various tissues 2. how much drug is bound to plasma proteins 3. mechanisms that control brain access

Question 47

physiological process that modify a drugs capacity to affect their target cells

Answer 47

dissolving & dissociating metabolism distribution elimination

Question 48

most common protein in the body that drugs can bind to

Answer 48

albumin

Question 49

what crosses the BBB more easily, lipid (barbiturates) or water soluble (antibiotics) drugs?

Answer 49

lipid