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GEO CE 222: Geology for Civil Engineers > QUIZ 1 - MT ( M1 & M2 ) > Flashcards

QUIZ 1 - MT ( M1 & M2 ) Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Which branch of engineering focuses on soil and rock as foundation materials for structures?

A

Geotechnical Engineering

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2
Q

What field applies geological principles to engineering problems?

A

Engineering Geology

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2
Q

Which science studies Earth’s history, composition, and changes?

A

Geology

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2
Q

What forms from rock due to physical, chemical, and biological processes?

A

Soil

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2
Q

What phenomenon causes soil to lift on the downstream side of hydraulic structures due to excess water pressure?

A

Piping

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2
Q

What serves as the parent material for soil formation?

A

Rock

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2
Q

What is the molten solution from which igneous rocks originate?

A

Magma

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2
Q

What type of rocks form through compaction and cementation of sediments?

A

Sedimentary Rocks

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2
Q

What property describes a material’s ability to resist sliding along internal surfaces?

A

Shear Strength

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2
Q

What type of rocks form through the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks?

A

Sedimentary Rocks

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2
Q

Which field studies Earth’s physical properties, such as density and magnetism?

A

Geophysics

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2
Q

What is the process of Earth’s surface being worn away, exposing lower layers?

A

Denudation

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2
Q

Which branch of geology is applied to mining operations?

A

Mining Geology

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2
Q

Which field examines rock deformation and arrangement?

A

Structural Geology

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2
Q

What process removes loose particles from an area by fast-moving winds?

A

Deflation

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2
Q

Which term describes a two-dimensional view of rock distribution?

A

Geologic Cross-section

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2
Q

Which field studies rock response to applied disturbances?

A

Rock Mechanics

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2
Q

Which term refers to a vertical slice view of Earth’s layers?

A

Geologic Cross-section

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2
Q

Which branch of geology studies the distribution and mobility of elements in Earth’s crust?

A

Geochemistry

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2
Q

What term describes wavy undulations in Earth’s crust due to horizontal compression?

A

Folds

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2
Q

What term refers to fine dust particles transported by wind over long distances?

A

Loess

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2
Q

What term describes a break in a rock mass without displacement?

A

Fracture

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2
Q

What are fractures in Earth’s crust where movement has occurred due to tectonic activity?

A

Faults

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2
Q

What is the surface along which fault movement occurs?

A

Fault Plane

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2
Which branch of mechanics studies soil properties and strength?
Soil Mechanics
2
Which type of soil is highly permeable and compresses quickly compared to cohesive soils?
Cohesionless Soils
2
Who is known as the "Father of Modern Soil Mechanics"?
Karl von Terzaghi
2
What term describes the gradual compression of soil as water is expelled?
Consolidation
2
What term refers to the rating of an earthquake based on its surface effects?
Intensity
2
What is the opposite process of consolidation?
Swelling
2
What term refers to field and laboratory investigations of soil properties?
Soil Exploration
2
What type of slopes exist naturally without human intervention?
Natural Slopes
2
What term describes the point directly opposite the earthquake’s epicenter?
Anticenter
2
What is the steepest angle at which a rock layer inclines?
True Dip
2
What term describes the horizontal orientation of a dipping rock plane?
Strike
2
What type of sand dunes have a crescent shape?
Barchans
2
What is the interface between a structure and its supporting soil?
Foundation
2
What term refers to the inclination of an arbitrary line that is less than the true dip?
Apparent Dip
2
What field studies different types of foundations and their applications?
Foundation Engineering
2
Which footing consists of two footings connected by a beam?
Strap Footing
2
Which type of footing supports two or more columns in a row?
Combined Footing
2
Which large footing supports multiple columns in two or more rows?
Mat Foundation
2
What term describes the mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces?
Disintegration
2
What applied science focuses on geology for safe and economical civil engineering design?
Engineering Geology
2
Which branch of geology studies Earth's physical features?
Physical Geology
2
What field specializes in studying minerals?
Mineralogy
2
What field focuses on the study of rocks?
Petrology
2
Which field studies groundwater occurrence and movement?
Geohydrology
2
What term describes the natural decay and breakdown of rocks?
Weathering
2
What are elongated ridges of sand aligned with wind direction?
Longitudinal Dunes
2
What term describes the chemical breakdown of minerals to form new components?
Decomposition
2
What type of weathering involves chemical reactions between atmospheric gases and minerals?
Chemical Weathering
2
What process occurs when living organisms contribute to rock breakdown?
Biological Weathering
2
What process involves oxygen reacting with rock minerals?
Oxidation
2
What process describes water absorption into a rock's chemical structure?
Hydrolysis
2
What diagram provides a 3D view of geological formations?
Block Diagram
2
What process is caused by carbonic acid in water degrading rock?
Carbonation
2
What type of fracture occurs without significant movement?
Joint
2
What term describes acid rain formation due to sulfur and nitrogen compounds?
Acid Rain
2
What are sand heaps formed by wind deposition called?
Sand Dunes
2
What term describes the movement of water through soil?
Seepage
2
What field applies geologic principles to rock mechanics and engineering?
Rock Mechanics
2
What type of dunes form perpendicular to wind direction?
Transverse Dunes
2
What term refers to an earthquake’s energy release measurement?
Magnitude
2
What type of earthquake results from crustal fault movements?
Tectonic Earthquakes
2
What earthquakes originate from volcanic eruptions or landslides?
Non-tectonic Earthquakes
2
Where does an earthquake originate underground?
Focus
2
What point on the surface lies directly above the earthquake’s focus?
Epicenter
2
What field studies rock layers and geological history?
Stratigraphy
2
What term describes the mechanical breakdown of rock masses?
Physical Weathering

GEO CE 222: Geology for Civil Engineers (4 decks)

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