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GEO CE 222: Geology for Civil Engineers > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the technical specialty that deals with soil and rock as supporting materials for structures.

A

Geotechnical Engineering

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2
Q

It is a basic science that is concerned with studying the history of the Earth. In short, it is the science of rocks and Earth’s processes.

A

Geology

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3
Q

It deals with the application of geologic fundamentals to engineering.

A

Engineering Geology

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4
Q

Example of application of engineering geology.

A

Mapping of active seismic faults

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5
Q

Are formed from rocks as it is acted upon by physical, chemical, and biological forces.

A

Soil

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6
Q

3 viewpoints

A
  1. Engineering Viewpoint
  2. Geological Viewpoint
  3. Pedological Viewpoint
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7
Q

Serve as a parent material for natural soil formation.

A

Rocks

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8
Q

The process by which the three main types of rock—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—change into one another

A

Rock Cycle

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9
Q

Have solidified from a molten or partly molten siliceous solution

A

Igneous Rocks

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10
Q

Molten solution is called?

A

Magma

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11
Q

Magma cools and solidifies in direct contact with the atmosphere

A

Extrusive

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12
Q

Cooling in the subsurface leads to an?

A

Intrusive Formation

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13
Q

Are naturally consolidated or unconsolidated transported materials.

A

Sedimentary Rocks

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14
Q

Form as a result of subjecting igneous or sedimentary rocks to elevated temperature and pressure

A

Metamorphic Rocks

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15
Q

Igneous rocks comprise about 1.___
metamorphic rocks about 2.___
sedimentary rocks about 3.___

A

1.80%
2.15%
3.5%

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16
Q

Examples of ff.
1. Igneous Rocks
2. Sedimentary Rocks
3. Metamorphic Rocks

A
  1. Granite and Basalt
  2. Sandstone and Limestone
  3. Schist and Gneiss
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17
Q

Is the study of the ways in which rocks or sediments are arranged and deformed on the Earth.

A

Structural Geology

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18
Q

Rocks that are deposited in horizontal layers

A

Sedimentary Rocks

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19
Q

Any rock unit that is recognizable and mappable in the field is called?

A

Formation

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20
Q

Boundaries between formations are called?

A

Contacts

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21
Q

3 types of boundaries

A
  1. Depositional
  2. Erosional
  3. Structural
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22
Q

Two-dimensional view of rock distribution is called?

A

Map View

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23
Q

Is a view of a vertical slice of the earth.

A

Geologic Cross-section

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24
Q

Is a combination of those two representations and gives a 3-D view of formations and contacts.

A

Block Diagram

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25
This view can reveal details of a structure not visible in map view, such as cross bedding.
Cross-sectional View
26
Are defined as wavy undulations developed in the rocks of the Earth's crust due to horizontal compression
Folds
27
Rocks are bent around an imaginary line called
Fold Axis
28
Is where the continuity of the rock mass breaks
Fracture
29
This are fractures in the crustal strata along which appreciable shear displacement.
Faults
30
The fracture along which the shear displacement has taken place is called?
Fault plane
31
This term includes both fault plane and the displacement that has occurred along it.
Fault
32
Is a fracture where little or no movement has taken place.
Joint
33
Can occur in several sets and are approximately parallel within specific set.
Discontinuities
34
Is a material whose physical, mechanical property, etc., are not all the same in each direction.
Anisotropic
35
Is the surface/plane of separation between two series of rock beds/geological formations that belong to two different geologic ages
Plane of Unconformity or Unconformity
36
Occurs when there is erosion of a layer or layers of deposited rock followed by the deposition of a new sedimentary rock on top
Unconformity
37
Sedimentary layer deposited over eroded horizontal sedimentary layer
Disconformity
38
Sedimentary layer deposited over eroded angular ( tilted or folded ) rock
Angular Unconformity
39
Sedimentary layer deposited over eroded igneous or metamorphic rock
Nonconformity
40
Is a branch of mechanics that studies the mechanical properties of various types of soil and its strength at different moisture-content levels
Soil Mechanics
41
The father of Modern Soil Mechanics
Karl von Terzaghi
42
Old proverb
stitch in time saves nine
43
Is not a coherent solid material like steel and concrete
Soil
44
Solid mass is generally a three-phase system
Solid, Liquid, and Gas
45
The slow movement of water or other fluids through the pores and cracks within the soil
Seepage
46
Is a phenomenon by which the soil on the downstream sides of some hydraulic structures get lifted up to due to excess pressure of water
Piping
47
The pressure that is exerted on the soil due to seepage of water is called
Seepage force or pressure
48
The pressure transmitted through grain to grain at the contact points through a soil mass is termed
Intergranular or effective pressure
49
If the force of the soil mass are filled with water and if a pressure induced into the pore water
pore water pressure or neutral stress
50
What theory constant ratios between stresses and strains
elastic theory
51
What are the formulas that are most widely used?
Boussinesq and Westergaard formulas
52
This process involves a gradual compression occurring simultaneously with the flow of water out of the mass with the gradual transfer of the applied pressure from the poor to the mineral skeleton?
Consolidation
53
The process of consolidation
Swelling
54
The ability to resist sliding along internal surfaces within a mass
Shear Strength
55
The field and laboratory investigations required to obtain the essential information on the subsoil is called
Soil Exploration / Soil Investigation
56
Are those that exist in nature and are formed by natural causes
Natural slopes
57
It is used to designate a constant slope of infinite extent
Infinite slopes
58
Slopes that are limited in extent
Finite slopes
59
It is an extremely important consideration in design and construction of earth dams
Slope stability
60
Resist movements because of their heavy sections they are built of mass concrete or stone or brick masonry. No reinforcement is required in this walls
Gravity walls
61
This walls are not as heavy as gravity walls a small amount of rainforcement is used for reducing the mass of concrete
Semi gravity walls
62
Are similar to cantilever walls except that the stem of the walls spans horizontally between the vertical brackets as counterforts
Counterfort walls
63
Are walls to counterfort walls, except the brackets or buttress walls are provided on the opposite side of the backfill
Buttressed Walls
64
Walls that are more flexible than the other types
Sheet Pile Walls
65
The earth materials that constitute the relatively thin outer shell
Crust
66
Materials are made up of small crystalline units
Minerals
67
Is the subject concerned with the study of the response of rock to an applied disturbance caused by natural or engineering processes.
Rock Mechanics
68
Deals with the engineering applications of the basic principles and the information available in the subjects of engineering geology and rock mechanics in an economic way
Rock Engineering
69
Applies to a large extent of rock
Rock mass
70
Also known as true dip, is the steepest inclination of the plane to the horizontal
Dip
71
Is the inclination of any arbitrary line on the plane to the horizontal.
Apparent Dip
72
Is the trace of the dipping plane with the horizontal reference plane.
Strike
73
Is the direction of the horizontal trace of the line dip
Dip direction/dip azimuth
74
Is the interface between a superstructure and its supporting soil
Foundation
75
Is the study of different types of foundation and their proper applications
Foundation Engineering
76
A footing normally comprises two footings connected to a beam
Cantilever Footing
77
Is a special case of combined footing
Strap footing
78
Is a long footing supporting two or more columns in one row
Combined Footing
79
Is a large footing, usually supporting several columns in two or more rows
Mat or raft foundations
80
Are normally used where the soil is close to the ground surface
Shallow Foundations
81
Are used in foundations to take normally loads and small lateral loads
Vertical piles
82
Batter piles are also called?
Inclined piles or Raker piles
83
Drilled pier foundation, belongs to the same category
Pile Foundations
84
Soil Improvement is frequently termed as
soil stabilization
85
Methods of Soil Improvement
1. Mechanical Compaction 2. Dynamic Compaction 3. Vibroflotation 4. Preloading 5. Sand and Stone Columns 6. Use of Admixtures 7. Injection of suitable grouts 8. Use of geotextiles

GEO CE 222: Geology for Civil Engineers (4 decks)

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