Quiz 1 part 1 - Curtis portion Flashcards
History of Anesthesia, politics, laws/regulations from lecture 1. Also, the first 10 pages from lectures 2 on Pre-Anesthesia assessment (47 cards)
What were the first anesthesia gases used and what were they used for?
Ether and Nitrous - used for recreation
Before anesthesia was used for surgery, what means were used to accomplish surgery?
blow to head, ETOH, snow/ice
Who was the first to use Ether for surgery but didn’t document it?
Crawford Long - 1842
Who were the first credited to use Ether and Nitrous?
Charles Jackson and Horace Wells
Who had the first successful demonstration of Ether for surgery?
William T.G. Morton - 1846, at Mass General
What were some of the problems associated with early anesthesia? (slide 4)
Infection?? The Occasional Anesthetist - wanted to keep an eye on surgery - couldn't get another residency - high turnover - low pay Patients did not receive continued VIGILANCE
Vigilance requires what 3 things are continually evaluated?
Patient needs
Provider
Anesthesia Machine
Why did the anesthesia specialty first go to the “Sisters”?
The anesthetist had to:
- be satisfied with a subordinate role
- make anesthesia their only interest
- not be more interested in the surgeon and surgery
- accept comparatively low pay
- have natural aptitude and intelligence
Who was Sister Mary Bernard?
First Trained nurse anesthetist at St Vincent’s Hospital, Erie, PA
Who was Alice Magaw?
The Mother of Anesthesia
Who was Agatha Hodgins?
founder of the NANA - early organization of the AANA
What is important about the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (TEFRA) of 1982?
It defined conditions that were needed for an anesthesiologist to be reimbursed. The ASA turned the meaning into a standard of safety that looked negatively towards CRNAs
What was important about the ASA anesthesia care team statement of 1995?
the ASA believes that a MDA should be involved in EVERY pt undergoing anesthesia and needs to provide direction to the anesthesia care team. This was not approved by the AANA and looks negatively towards CRNAs
Can CRNAs get educational affiliate membership to the ASA? How can they?
Yes, application needs to be endorsed by 2 anesthesiologists, sign the ACT statement and ASA code of ethics
How many states have no CRNA/MDA supervision clause in their medical practice acts, nurse practice acts, or hospital licensing regulations?
20 States.
What did the Clinton administration do to promote CRNAs?
eliminated Medicare requirement for physician supervision of CRNA
What happened during the Bush administration to CRNA supervision?
Reinstated the physician supervision requirement but created a way for states to “Opt Out” if they desired.
How long has nurse anesthesia been a specialty practice?
125 yrs, has served as a model for other APN groups
What is required for one to become a CRNA?
- state license as RN
- graduate from a COA accredited CRNA program
- pass the certification exam by NBCRNA
What are some of the divisions of the AANA?
Council on Accreditation (COA)
National Board of CRNA (NBCRNA)
Council on Public Interest in Anesth (CPIA)
Which branch under the NBCRNA is responsible for recertification? CCNA or CNOR?
Council on Recertification of Nurse Anesthetists (CNOR)
What is the AANA vision statement?
Recognized Leaders in Anesthesia Care
What is the AANA Mission Statement?
Advancing patient safety and excellence in anesthesia
What are the AANA core values?
Integrity, Professionalism, Advocacy, and Quality
