quiz 1 (section 1)

Question 1

1.1

whmis

Answer 1

workplace hazardous material information system

Question 2

1.1

msds

Answer 2

material safety data sheet:
- contains info on potential hazards + how to work safely with chemicals

describes first aid, clean up, toxicity, chemical and physical properties

Question 3

1.1

hazard symbols

Answer 3

triangle: caution
diamond: warning
octagon: danger

more sides = more danger

Question 4

1.2

physical properties definition

list examples

Answer 4

characteristic of a substance that can be observed/measured without changing the identity of the substance

ex. colour, size, density, malleability, ductility

Question 5

1.2

physical change

Answer 5

change in size, shape, state
retains the same physical properties-no new substance is made

can be used to seperate matter

Question 6

1.2

malleability

Answer 6

ability to be shaped (beat) or extended (rolled

mallebility = mallet beating material

Question 7

1.2

ductility

Answer 7

ability to be drawn into wires (copper)

Question 8

1.2

solubility

Answer 8

ability to dissolve

Question 9

1.2

conductivity

Answer 9

ability to transmit heat or electricity

Question 10

1.2

chemical properties definition

list examples

Answer 10

properties that indicate if a substance can undergo certain chemical changes

ex, reaction to acid/heat/water, ability to burn, behaviour in air

Question 11

1.2

chemical change

Answer 11

when one substance changes into another

chemical bonds are broken

Question 12

1.2

law of conservation of mass

Answer 12

states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed, although it may be rearranged

Question 13

1.2

chemical reaction

Answer 13

process that occurs when a subtance reacts to create a new substance

chemical bonds are broken

reactant (start) has different properties than products (final)

Question 14

1.2

endothermic vs exothermic

chemical reactions involve the transfer of energy

Answer 14

endo: heat enters the system
exo: heat exits the system

Question 15

1.2

evidence of chemical reactions

Answer 15

bubbles - gas forming
precipitates - solid forms
cloudy - precipitate/solid forms, not falling

Question 16

1.3

heating (cooking)

methods for preserving food

chemical or physical process?

Answer 16

temporarily sterilizes food, kills bacteria

primarily chemical process

Question 17

1.3

freezing (storage)

methods for preserving food

chemical or physical process?

Answer 17

halts the growth of bacteria

physical process

Question 18

1.3

salting (beef jerky)

methods for preserving food

chemical or physical process?

Answer 18

salt uses osmosis to remove water from the food and bacteria in it

changes the taste but kills the bacteria

physical process with chemical implications

Question 19

1.3

fermentation

methods for preserving food

chemical or physical process?

Answer 19

uses beneficial bacteria to create natural preservative (lactic acid)

sauerkraut and alcohol is made that way

chemical process

Question 20

1.3

smoking

methods for preserving food

chemical or physical process?

Answer 20

smoking (bacon/fish) introduces antioxidants that helps control the number of bacteria

combo. of physical and chemical processes

Question 21

1.3

metallurgy

what are the 3 ways

Answer 21

defined as a process that is used for the extraction of metals in their pure form

annealing, smelting, making alloys

Question 22

1.3

annealing

Answer 22

heating metal before hammering it

made copper easier to manipulate and strengthed it

Question 23

1.3

smelting

Answer 23

separating a metal from other compounds with heat

most copper is mixed w other compounds and used to be unusable

Question 24

1.3

making alloys

Answer 24

chemical mixtures

bronze (copper + tin), steel (iron + carbon)

Question 25

# 1.3 1. who discovered the scientific method? 2. who discovered the law of conservation of mass? | prolly not on test

Answer 25

1. robert boyle 2. antione laviosier

Question 26

# 1.3 what did john dalton discover | what was his diagram

Answer 26

atoms | billiard ball model ## Footnote + how they cant be created/destroted, can be combined/rearranged, etc

Question 27

# 1.3 what did jj thomson discover and how (experiment) | what was his model

Answer 27

electrons; using a cathode ray tube | raison bun model

Question 28

# 1.3 what did ernest rutherford discover and how (experiement) | what was his model

Answer 28

atoms are mostly empty space the positive charge is concentrated in a nucleus/centre electrons fly around the outside *using the GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT* | planetary model

Question 29

# 1.3 summarize the gold foil experiment

Answer 29

gold foil was hit with alpha particles, which have a positive charge. most alpha particles went right through; some had their paths bent, others bounced backward. ## Footnote **The only way this would happen was if the atom had a small, heavy region of positive charge inside it.**

Question 30

# 1.3 what did neils bohr discover | what was his model

Answer 30

electrons have different amounts of energy bohr model shows orbits representing diff. energy levels each orbit has specific # of electrons | bohr model

Question 31

metal qualities

Answer 31

strong, high density, high mp+bp, malleable, ductile, solid at room temp (except Hg), good conductors

Question 32

nonmetal qualities

Answer 32

low density, low mp+bp, non malleable, non ductile, come in all states at room temp, prro conductors, dull

Question 33

metalloid qualities

Answer 33

in between metals and nonmetals

Question 34

periodic table organization 1. periods 2. groups/families

Answer 34

periods are horizontal groups are vertical | organized by atomic number

Question 35

alkali metals | group 1

Answer 35

1 electron in valence shell; very reactive | soft, shiny, reative

Question 36

alkaline-earth metals | group 2

Answer 36

2 electrons in valence shell; reactive | shiny, reactive, hard

Question 37

halogens | group 17

Answer 37

missing one electron - (7 in valence shell) reactive non metals

Question 38

noble gas | group 18

Answer 38

non reactive full valence shells

Question 39

what subatomic particles are in the nucleus (nucleons) and what aren't

Answer 39

nucleons: protons and neutrons outside- elections

Question 40

how to find 1. proton 2. electron 3. neutron

Answer 40

1. atomic number 2. element: atomic number* 3. atomic mass-protons | *ion: look at charge to see how mahy electrons were removed/added

Question 41

cation and anion

Answer 41

cation: positive ion; (metals) - **wants to lose electrons** anion: negative ion; (nonmetals) - **wants to gain electrons**

Question 42

valence electrons ## Footnote why are they important

Answer 42

electrons on the outer shell/valance level ## Footnote outer most electrons have more energy

Question 43

ion

Answer 43

formed when elements form ionic bounds | one element loses electrons, other gains electrons

Question 44

isotopes | what is different compared to an element?

Answer 44

different types of atoms of the same element | how many neutrons are diferent therefore **atomic mass is different** ## Footnote carbon-**14** has AM of 14 carbon-**12** has AM of 12

Question 45

what changes with: 1. protons 2. electrons 3. neutrons

Answer 45

1. changes the element/atomic number 2. changes the charge, becomes an ion 3. changes the mass, becomes isotope