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Socio 1 > Quiz 1 Vocab > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Vocab Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Social Fact

A

Products of human interaction with persuasive power that exist externally to any individual

ex: shaking hands

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2
Q

Social Structure

A

The social framework in which we live (contains 3 levels: macro, meso, micro)

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3
Q

Macrolevel

A

Institutions, cultural beliefs, big patterns

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4
Q

Mesolevel

A

Groups

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5
Q

Microlevel

A

Small scale interactions (one-on-one interactions), the self

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6
Q

Agency

A

Idea that people make their own decisions

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7
Q

Sociological Imagination

A

The capacity to consider how people’s lives (including our own) are shaped by social facts that surround us

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8
Q

Personal Troubles

A

A problem affecting individuals where the blame is on the individual’s own personal & moral failings

-personal troubles are best understood when thinking of it as a public issue

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9
Q

Public Issues

A

Social problems affecting many individuals - an impact on society as a whole

-public issues can help account for problems that individuals experience

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10
Q

Reverse Logistics

A

The process of getting unwanted items back from consumers & figuring out what to do with them

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11
Q

Falsifiable

A

Can be tested and shown to be false

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12
Q

Theoretical

A

Makes general explanations (theory)

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13
Q

Empirical

A

Based on data

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14
Q

Objective

A

Attempts to be free from bias

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15
Q

Communal

A

Shared and challenged in the scientific community

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16
Q

Research Circle

A

Diagram of elements in the research process

a. General explanation/theory
b. Make predictions/hypotheses
c. Observations/data
d. Identifying patterns

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17
Q

Deductive Research

A

a. Starts with a theory
b. Make a hypothesis
c. Test it

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18
Q

Inductive Research

A

a. Make observations
b. Identify patterns
c. Build a theory

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19
Q

Quantitative Methods

A

Experiments, surveys, network anaylsis

a. Numerical data
b. Answers who/what
c. Used for deductive research

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20
Q

Qualitative Methods

A

Interviews, ethnography, content analysis

a. Non-numerical data
b. Answers why
c. Used for inductive research

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21
Q

Experiments (quant)

A

Experimental & control group are compared to determine the effect of one variable on an outcome

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22
Q

Surveys (quant)

A

Collects analyzable data through a questionnaire

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23
Q

Network analysis (quant)

A

Maps social ties (between groups & people) and exchanges between them

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24
Q

Interviews (qual)

A

Intimate conversation between researcher & research subject

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25
Ethnography (qual)
Careful observation of naturally occurring social interaction
26
Content Analysis (qual)
Analyzes media for themes
27
Informed Consent
Participants need to understand what they are consenting to & must be aware/okay with what they will be required to do
28
Confidentiality
Participants involvement in research should only be known to the researchers
29
Field Notes
Careful notes ethnographers observe that usually become evidence for their claims
30
Culture
Variation of things and people from place to place
31
Cultural Objects
Natural items that are given a symbolic meaning
32
Cultural Cognition
Shared ideas and values
33
Cultural Practices
Habits, routines, rituals that people frequently perform
34
Social Construct
An influential & shared interpretation of reality that varies across time and space
35
Social Construction
The process we build connections with concepts and ideas that are molded together (a layering of objects with ideas)
36
Culturally Competent
Having knowledge of the cultural beliefs, norms, values in the specific environment we are in
37
Culture Shock
Disorientation from traveling and witnessing a difference to what we are used to
38
Socialization
Process of learning the beliefs, values, norms of the cultures we inhabit
39
Interpersonal Socialization
Active efforts by others to help us be culturally competent members of our cultures
40
Self-socialization
Efforts we make to ensure we are culturally competent members of our cultures
41
Media Socialization
All cultural competence we gain through exposure to media
42
Agents of Socialization
Channels of influence in which we become socialized -Families -School -Peers -Religion -Media W -Work -Military
43
Culture-as-value
The idea that we are socialized into culturally specific moralities that guide our feelings about right and wrong -Values that are widely accepted in our environments become our own point of view)
44
Culture-as-rationale
Idea that we're socialized to know a set of culturally specific arguments to where we can justify why we feel something is right or wrong -We search for culturally familiar rationales to explain our reactions
45
Subculture
Subgroups within societies that have distinct cultural ideas, objects, practices, bodies
46
Institutions
Widespread & enduring patterns of interactions with which we respond to categories of human need; collective solutions to personal problems that span whole societies
47
Formal Practices
Requirements, rules, regulations that are part of the institution
48
Informal Practices
Similarly build into the institution as norms but are not required
49
Hierarchy
Ideas of certain roles having power over others
50
Role
Person's particular job or function
51
Division of labor
Breakdown of complicated tasks into smaller parts & distributing them to individuals to complete
52
Rationalization
Process of embracing reason & using it to increase the efficiency & effectiveness of human activities
53
Organizations
Formal entities that coordinate collections of people in achieving a stated purpose
54
McDonaldization
Process by which more parts of life are made efficient, predictable, calculable, controllable by nonhuman tech
55
Efficiency
Delivering product in the shortest amount of time possible
56
Predictability
Product was consistent wherever it went
57
Calculability
Quantity over quality
58
Ideology
Shared ideas about how human life should be organized
59
Social Identities
Socially constructed categories & subcategories of people in which we place ourselves and are placed by others ex: race & ethnicity
60
Primary Cultural Frame
The main identities we instantly categorize people we interact with: race, gender, age -Often associated with cultural beliefs about the behavior of these people -Frame our interactions based on these categories
61
Stereotypes
Clusters of ideas attached by social convention to people with specific identities ex: all Asians are academically strong in math
62
Controlling Images
Pervasive negative stereotypes that serve to justify or uphold inequality ex: the threat of Black men, especially in their interaction with cops
63
Status Beliefs
Collectively shared ideas about which social groups are more or less deserving of estee, ex: Belief that those in tech are more worthy and competent than those in service work
64
The rewards of social identities
Self esteem, power, belonging
65
Social rules
Culturally specific norms, policies, laws that guide our behavior ex: You can't go when the light is red
66
Folkways
Loosely enforced nroms ex: Holding the door open for someone
67
Mores
Tightly enforced norms that carry moral significance ex: Trespassing
68
Taboos
Social prohibitions so strong that the thought of violating them can be sickening ex: Incest
69
Policies
Rules that are made and enforced by organizations ex: Academic dishonesty policy made by schools
70
Laws
Rules that are made and enforced by governments ex: Right of free speech
71
Social sanctions
Reactions by others aimed at promoting conformity ex: Judgement when one does not open the door for someone else
72
Symbolic Interactionism
Idea that social interaction depends on the social construction of reality -We respond to the meaning we give interaction -The meaning of interaction is produced through interaction (doesn't exist on its own) -Meaning is negotiated in interaction
73
Dramaturgy
Practice of looking at social life as a series of performances in which we're actors on metaphorical stages
74
Impression Management
Our efforts to control how we're perceived by others
75
Face
Version of ourselves that we want to project in a specific setting ex: Upholding the smart girl face when in ochem class
76
Face-work
Establishes and maintains our face ex: Using more scientific vocab in discussion during ochem class
77
Front stage
A public space in which we are aware of having an audience ex: Social media, job interview
78
Backstage
Private or semi private places in which we can relax or rehearse ex: Preparing for the Instagram post by editing the picture and creating a caption
79
Ethnomethodology
Research aimed at revealing the underlying shared logic that is the foundation of social interactions
80
Ethnomethods
Culturally specific background assumptions we use to make sense of everyday life ex: Breaching - where people purposefully break social rules
81
Looking glass self
Self that emerges as a consequence of seeing ourselves as we think other people see us

Socio 1 (2 decks)

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