Quiz 2 Vocab

Question 1

Social Stratification

Answer 1

-Persistent sorting of social groups into enduring hierarchies
-Existence of structured inequalities between groups in society in terms of their access to material (money) or symbolic (status) rewards

Question 2

Structured Inequalities

Answer 2

-Those that are the result of social structure
-One group of people are attributed to an unequal status in relation to others in the category

Question 3

Class

Answer 3

The positions in which people are sorted into based on their economic resources that influence the type of lifestyle they are able to lead

Question 4

Social mobility

Answer 4

Opportunity to move up or down in the economic hierarchy

Question 5

Quintile

Answer 5

Any of the five equal groups a population is divided into based on their income

Question 6

Capitalism

Answer 6

An economic system based on private ownership of the resources used to create wealth & the right of individuals to personally profit

Question 7

Proletariat

Answer 7

-Only have their labor
-Employed by Bourgeoisie
-Owns neither products / profits

Question 8

Bourgeoisie

Answer 8

-Employs workers for their labor
-Owns means of production
-Owns products/profits

Question 9

Means of production

Answer 9

Resources that could be used to create wealth

Question 10

Labor

Answer 10

Work that is harsh on the body

Question 11

Alienation

Answer 11

Occurs when workers who do not own their own profits & products of their labor feel disconnected from their labor
-makes labor less satisfying

Question 12

Crisis of Capitalism

Answer 12

-Bourgeoisie would set up systems allowed them to extract wealth from workers’ labor
-Winner takes it all
-Proletariat develops class consciousness & revolution occur
-Socialism replaces capitalism

Question 13

Class consciousness

Answer 13

The understanding that an individual is a member of a group with shared economic interests

Question 14

Labor Unions

Answer 14

Associations that organize workers so they can negotiate with their employers as a group instead of individuals

Question 15

Wealth gaps

Answer 15

Differences in the amount of money & economic assets owned by people from different social identity groups

Question 16

The American Dream

Answer 16

Idea that hard work will lead to mobility and wealth

Question 17

Horatio Alger

Answer 17

Created the myth that anyone could work hard and become a rich “self-made” man

Question 18

The Treadmill of Production

Answer 18

Used to describe how industrial systems continually increase their rate of growth

-Growth is seen to be an inherent good and economic necessity
-Encourage use of energy and resources to create growth
-Little room for environmental concerns
-Produce tremendous waste

Question 19

Ludlow Massacre

Answer 19

-Ludlow coal miners became tired of their harsh working conditions which then motivated them to strike
-Mine owners were not happy with what the strikers wanted/did and terrorized/evicted them
-Mine owners saw this strike to be a negative impact to their industry as well as a slower production
-Violence and death was the result of this; also a labor movement in the US was inspired

Question 20

Race

Answer 20

A socially constructed category rooted in the belief that there are fundamental differences among humans that are associated with phenotype and ancestry

ex: Asian

Question 21

Ethnicity

Answer 21

A type of social identity defined by ancestry (perceived/real) and cultural differences

ex: Chinese

Question 22

Racism

Answer 22

Refers to a society’s production of unjust outcomes for some racial and ethnic groups

Question 23

Institutional racism

Answer 23

widespread and enduring practices persistently disadvantage some racial and ethnic groups while advantaging others

ex: residential segregation

Question 24

Overt racism

Answer 24

Racism in individual attitudes, perceptions, beliefs

Question 25

Colorblind racism

Answer 25

The means of maintaining racial inequality without appearing racist; efforts to deny that racism exists oppose policies that would reduce racial inequalities

Question 26

Microaggressions

Answer 26

Brief and commonplace verbal, behavioral, environmental indignities (whether intentional or unintentional) that communicate hostile, derogatory, negative racial slights and insults towards people of color ex: you don't act like you're from "a lower income place"

Question 27

Residential segregation

Answer 27

Sorting of different types of people into separate neighborhoods

Question 28

Redlining

Answer 28

Refusing loans or overcharging anyone buying in Black and Brown neighborhoods

Question 29

White fight

Answer 29

Occurred when policies and practices failed → minorities faced organized White resistance to integration

Question 30

White flight

Answer 30

a phenomenon where White people began to leave a neighborhood when minority residents began to move in

Question 31

The model minority myth

Answer 31

minority group whose members are perceived as having achieved success through hard work and determination: perceived as being suitable models for other minorities to emulate -Impacts Asian Americans: it sets up expectations that certain group of Asians must do well in school -Harmful because of: stereotypes, pitted communities against each other, discrimination

Question 32

Sex

Answer 32

Refers to the physical differences in the primary and secondary sexual characteristics

Question 33

Gender

Answer 33

Refers to the symbolism of masculinity & feminity that we connect to being male-bodied and female-bodied

Question 34

The gender binary

Answer 34

Ideology that there are only two types of people: male-bodied (masculine) and female-bodied (feminine)

Question 35

Sexism

Answer 35

production of unjust outcomes for people who are perceived to be biologically female

Question 36

Androcentrism

Answer 36

production of unjust outcomes for people who perform feminitiy

Question 37

The stalled gender revolution

Answer 37

Lots of progress has been made toward gender equality but the pace has slowed, stopped and even reversed in some way since the 1960s

Question 38

Legitimation

Answer 38

process by which a potentially controversial social fact is made acceptable

Question 39

Gender identity

Answer 39

refers to an individual's own perception of their man-ness and woman-ness

Question 40

Gender expression

Answer 40

refers to the way in which an individual their gender according to their outward actions/appearance; relates to one's feminity or masculinity

Question 41

Anatomical/biological sex

Answer 41

an individual's female-ness or male-ness in regards to their biological characteristics

Question 42

Transgender

Answer 42

an individual's gender expression or identity does not correspond to their sex assigned at birth

Question 43

Cisgender

Answer 43

an individual's gender expression or identity corresponds to their sex assigned at birth

Question 44

Nonbinary

Answer 44

refers to an individual's identity in which they do not identify as male or female

Question 45

Intersectionality

Answer 45

recognition that our lives are shaped by multiple interacting identities; how we understand and change the world