Quiz 1 (weeks 1-4)

Question 1

Tell me about Labonte

Answer 1

1993
From P&P:
categorized determinants of health as risk factors and risk conditions
risk factors - complex psychological experiences resulting from social circumstances
risk conditions- social & environmental living conditions
-upstream: advocating for socioeconomic policies that affect the socioenvironmental risk conditions
From class notes:
def of health: feeling vitalized & full of energy, satisfying social rel/ships, feeling of control over life, being able to do things one enjoys, sense of purpose, feeling connection to community

Question 2

list SDOH

Answer 2

income & social status
employment & working conditions
education & literacy
childhood experiences
physical environment
social supports & coping skills
healthy behaviours
access to health services
biology & genetic endowment
gender
culture
Aboriginal status

Question 3

what are the 4 most prevalent chronic health conditions in Canada?

Answer 3

1. Cancer
2. Cardiovascular Disease
3. Diabetes
4. Respiratory diseases

Question 4

4 most common risk factors

Answer 4

Tobacco use
Unhealthy diet
Physical inactivity
Harmful use of ETOH (alcohol)

Question 5

Pyramid of factors contrib to chronic health conditions

Answer 5

Top: Physiological (eg. high bp, obesity, high BG, high lipids)
Middle: lifestyle (4 most common risk factors)
Bottom: underlying societal issues (SDOH, globalization, urbanization & pop’n aging)

Question 6

List off the five A’s and where they are from

Answer 6

from BPG “Strategies to Support Self-Management of Chronic Conditions”
Assess - understanding, beliefs, attitudes, knowledge base, clinical data
Advise - ask, tell, ask
Agree - develop goals (clt. led, realistic, doable)
Assist - w/ barriers, facilitators, problem-solving
Arrange - follow-up
*it’s an ongoing cylce

Question 7

Give three examples of a strength re: SBC

Answer 7

• A person’s assets
• resources
• skills

Question 8

Define mobility

Answer 8

Ability to move in one’s environment with ease and without restriction

Question 9

Define immobility

Answer 9

State in which an individual has a limitation in independent, purposeful physical movement of the body or of one or more extremities
-sometimes imposed/prescribed

Question 10

Define deconditioned

Answer 10

loss of physical fitness

overall deconditioned state of the musculoskeletal & cardiopulmonary systems

Question 11

Define Disuse syndrome

Answer 11

a state in which an individual is at risk for deterioration of body systems owing to prescribed or unavoidable musculoskeletal inactivity

Question 12

What are some barriers to mobility?

Answer 12

immobility
bed rest
SDOH

Question 13

What is the systemic effect of immobility on the respiratory system?

Answer 13

Stasis of secretions
decreased resp movement
build up of C02 in blood

Question 14

What is atelectasis?

Answer 14

Collapse of alveoli in lung

S&S - increased resp rate, decreased O2 sat, increased sputum

Question 15

Name some systemic effects of immobility on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 15

orthostatic hypotension
increased workload of heart
thrombus formation
loss of muscle tone in veins and arteries
decreased efficiency of neurovascular reflexes

Question 16

what are the criteria for orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 16

drop of 20mmHg of systolic
drop of 10mmHg of diastolic
HR change of 15% (increase)

Question 17

what is DVT?

Answer 17

Deep vein thrombosis
blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the body (usually legs)
may cause leg pain/swelling but may occur without any symptoms

Question 18

What is a PE?

Answer 18

Pulmonary embolism
blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries
blood clots travel to lungs (dvt)
increased risk with immobility, cancer & surgery
can be life-threatening

Question 19

What are some metabolic effects of immobility?

Answer 19

negative nitrogen balance - the depletion of protein stores that are essential for building muscle tissue and wound healing
aggravated by anorexia

Question 20

What are some musculoskeletal effects of immobility?

Answer 20

reduction in muscle mass
contracture
demineralization & calcium loss

Question 21

What are some integumentary effects of immobility?

Answer 21

pressure reduces perfusion to tissues
increased risk for skin breakdown
exacerbation with poor nutrition & incontinence
pressure ulcers

Question 22

What are some effects of mobility on elimination of waste?

Answer 22

GI - constipation, decreased peristalsis, nutritional status compromised
urinary - stasis, leads to UTI, renal calculi formation (kidney stones)

Question 23

Give 3 nursing diagnoses possible r/t immobility

Answer 23

risk for injury
impaired skin integrity
social isolation

Question 24

Define hemiplegia

Answer 24

paralysis on one side

Question 25

hemiparesis

Answer 25

weakness on one side

Question 26

what are the 3 processes of respiration?

Answer 26

ventilation, perfusion, diffusion

Question 27

What is Cheyne-stokes?

Answer 27

very deep to very shallow breathing with temporary apnea

Question 28

What is Kussmaul's respirations?

Answer 28

Hyperventilation that accompanies metabolic acidosis (diabetic going into diabetic coma)

Question 29

What is normal hemoglobin for a male?

Answer 29

135-180 g/L

Question 30

what is normal hemoglobin for a female?

Answer 30

120-160 g/L

Question 31

What is normal WBC count?

Answer 31

5-10x10tothe4th/L

Question 32

What is normal blood pH?

Answer 32

7.35-7.45

Question 33

What is normal PaC02?

Answer 33

35-45 mmHg

Question 34

What is normal PaO2?

Answer 34

80-100 mmHg

Question 35

What is normal O2 sat?

Answer 35

95%-100%

Question 36

What is COPD?

Answer 36

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | umbrella term for emphysema and chronic bronchitis (many people have a combination of symptoms from both)

Question 37

What is the 6th vital sign and how do you assess it?

Answer 37

dyspnea | you can use a 0-10 scale for breathlessness

Question 38

Give three examples of nursing diagnoses re: oxygenation

Answer 38

``` anxiety activity intolerance ineffective airway clearance impaired comfort impaired verbal communicatio impaired gas exchange ```

Question 39

What do you need to know re: COPD & oxygen therapy>

Answer 39

too much O2 can cause hypoventilation because ppl with COPD have adapted to a high CO2 level and are stimulated to breath at a lower O2sat. Too high oxygen obliterates the stimulus to breath People with COPD usually given low oxygen eg. 2L/min

Question 40

With regard to a BPG, how do you address smoking with clients?

Answer 40

Ask Advise Assist Arrange