Quiz 10

Question 1

Rugae, plicae, and villi are features of the digestive that:
A. are the sources of all digestive hormones
B. are the sources of all zymogens
C. increase the surface area for absorption
D. contract to accomplish peristalsis

Answer 1

C. increase the surface area for absorption

Question 2

Which of these organs adds bicarbonate ions to the gastrointestinal tract via a specialized duct?

A. liver
B. Esophagus
C. fundus
D. Stomach

Answer 2

A. liver

Question 3

The surgical removal of the gall bladder has the potential to reduce the absorption of dietary ____________.

Answer 3

fats

Question 4

The coordination of swallowing and breathing is coordinated by neural activity in the _________________.

Answer 4

medulla oblongata

Question 5

Most glucose absorption in the GI tract occurs in the

Answer 5

duodenum via carrier mediated transport

Question 6

The feeding and satiety centers are located in the

Answer 6

hypothalamus

Question 7

During prolonged fasting:

A. skeletal muscle increases in mass
B. organic acid metabolites support gluconeogenesis
C. most of the available amino acids are used in protein synthesis
D. adipose tissue increases its secretion of leptin

Answer 7

B. organic acid metabolites support gluconeogenesis

Question 8

This process is more likely in “fed” individuals than in a “fasted” individual:

A. glycogenesis
B. gluconeogenesis
C. lipolysis
D. muscle wasting

Answer 8

A. glycogenesis

Question 9

Both insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones that target liver cells. The responses of the target cells to these two hormones are in opposite directions, implying that:

Answer 9

each of the two hormones activates a different second messenger

Question 10

Which combination is most likely to cause vasoconstriction in the gastrointestinal tract?

A. acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors
B. epinephrine at alpha-adrenergic receptors
C. glucagon at glucagon receptors
D. insulin at insulin receptors

Answer 10

B. epinephrine at alpha-adrenergic receptors

Question 11

Coristol is released when ___________, released from the ____________, binds with receptors in the ______________.

A. ACTH; hypothalamus; adrenal cortex
B. CRH; hypothalamus; adrenal medulla
C. ACTH; anterior pituitary; adrenal cortex
D. CRH; posterior pituitary; adrenal medulla

Answer 11

C. ACTH; anterior pituitary; adrenal cortex

Question 12

Ingestion of non-absorbed solutes such as Olestra or Sorbitol would likely ____________ the amound of water absorved into the intestinal cells, thus causing _______.

(increase, decrease) ; (diarrhea, constipation, no change)?

Answer 12

decrease, diarrhea

Question 13

The hormone known as _________ is associated with muscle wasting (catabolism), and is likely to be elevated as a result of entering a state of __________.

A. acetylcholine, glycogenesis
B. insulin; excessive eating
C. cortisol; starvation
D. cholecystokinin; catabolism

Answer 13

C. cortisol; starvation

Question 14

Low levels of ______ secreted by adipose cells _______ over the long term.

A. ghrelin; decreases
B. leptin; increases
C. gastrin; decreases
D. insulin; increases

Answer 14

B. leptin; increase

Question 15

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells secrete pepsinogen which is converted to pepsin by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A. G; amylase
B. Chief; hydrochloric acid
C. Parietal; hydrochloric acid
D. Goblet; mucus

Answer 15

B. chief, hydrochloric acid

Question 16

Decreased levels of bile salts, _______ would interfere with digestion of ____________.

A. Secreted by hepatocytes; fats
B. Manufactured by the gallbladder; fats
C. Released into the stomach; protein
D. Manufactured by the pancreas; protein

Answer 16

A. Secreted by hepatocytes; fats

Question 17

Insulin secretion _______ and functions to prevent __________.

A. Is stimulated by sympathetic neurons; hyperglycemia
B. Is stimulated by parasympathetic neurons; hyperglycemia
C. Decreases in response to elevated amino acids; hypoglycemia
D. Is inhibited by GIP; hypoglycemia

Answer 17

B. Is stimulated by parasympathetic neurons; hyperglycemia

Question 18

Of the following hormones, which acts as an enterogastrone? 
A.	Cholecytokin
B.	Glucagon
C.	Cortisol
D.	Gastrin

Answer 18

A. Cholecytokin

Question 19

Glucagon release, stimulated by ________ increases the rate of _____________.

A. Hyperglycemia; protein hydrolysis
B. Hypoglycemia; glycogenolysis
C. Hyperglycemia; glycolysis
D. Hypoglycemia; lipogenesis

Answer 19

B. Hypoglycemia; glycogenolysis

Question 20

In the digestive syste, HCl is released by ______________, whereas HCO3- is secreted primarily from the ___________.

A. Parietal cells of the stomach, pancreas
B. Parietal cells of the stomach, duodenum
C. The pancreas, parietal cells of the stomach
D. The liver, parietal cells of the stomach

Answer 20

A. Parietal cells of the stomach, pancreas

Question 21

Even though insulin and glucagon are both peptide hormones that target liver cells, the response of the target cells to these two hormones is exactly opposite. This info implies that:

A. Each of the two hormones activates a different second messenger inside the cell
B. One hormone binds to a receptor of the cell membrane and the other to a nuclear receptor.
C. Both hormones interact with receptors at the cell nucleus
D. One of the homrmones activates gene expression and the other inhibits its

Answer 21

A. Each of the two hormones activates a different second messenger inside the cell

Question 22

During the gastric phase of digestion:
A. Gastric motility and secretion are increased
B. Alpha cells of the pancreas secret glucagon
C. Duodenal cells secrete GIP
D. Secretin is released by the hypothalamus

Answer 22

A. Gastric motility and secretion are increased

Question 23

The lower esophageal sphrincter closes more tightly in response to a \_\_\_\_\_ of calcium ion movement into its smooth muscle cells
A.	Secretin-induced decrease
B.	Gastrin induced increase
C.	Cholecystokin-induced increase
D.	GIP-induced decrease

Answer 23

B. Gastrin induced increase

Question 24

Appetite is increased when \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ gastric stretch casues \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ levels of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A.	Increased, increased, gastrin
B.	Decreased, decreased, gastrin
C.	Decreased, increased, grehlin
D.	Increased, decreased, grehlin

Answer 24

C. Decreased, increased, grehlin

Question 25

Glucose is absorbed into intestinal cells by _______ and exits those cells toward the blood by __________. A. Primary active transport; secondary active transport B. Endocytosis; facilitated diffusion C. Facilitated diffusion; secondary active transport D. Secondary active transport; facilitated diffusion

Answer 25

D. Secondary active transport; facilitated diffusion

Question 26

During the cephalic phase of digestion: A. The anticipation of food activates the parasympathetic neurons B. Secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells C. The stomach responds to distention D. Production of gastric juice slows down

Answer 26

A. The anticipation of food activates the parasympathetic neurons

Question 27

``` Which GI tract hormone is Correctly paired with its stimulus? A. CCK – fatty foods B. Secretin – protein in the stomach C. GIP – sympathetic neurons D. Gastrin – glucose in the stomach ```

Answer 27

A. CCK – fatty foods

Question 28

During the post-absorptive state: A. The liver forms flycogen B. B. adipocytes synthesize triglycerides C. Skeletal muscles break down glycogen D. Insulin levels are elevated

Answer 28

C. Skeletal muscles break down glycogen

Question 29

__________ is an enzyme that digests ________ into ___________. A. Lipase; DNA; fatty acids and monoglycerides B. Pepsin; starch; monosaccharides C. Aminopeptidase; peptides; amino acids D. Cholecystokinin; peptides; free nucleotides

Answer 29

C. Aminopeptidase; peptides; amino acids

Question 30

__________, released from the digestive actions of lipase, are absorbed into intestinal cells by _______. A. Amino acids; secondary active transport B. Fatty acids; simple diffusion C. Small proteins; endocytosis D. Simple sugars; secondary active transport

Answer 30

B. Fatty acids; simple diffusion

Question 31

Secretin | source, stimulus, target & effect

Answer 31

Source: -duodenum Stimulus: -increase [H+] in chime Target & Effect: - gastric smooth muscle; dec. contraction - parietal cells; dec. secretion - chief cells; dec. secretion - sphincter of Oddi; dec. contraction - pancreatic juice; inc. secretion

Question 32

Gastrin | source, stimulus, target & effect

Answer 32

Source: -antrum of stomach Stimulus: - increased [H+] in chime - increased [amino acids, proteins] in chyme Target and Effect: - lower esophageal sphincter, +contraction - gastric smooth muscle, +contraction - ileum smooth muscle; +contraction - parietal cells; +secretion - chief cells; +sectretion - ileocecal sphincter; -sectretion

Question 33

GIP | source, stimulus, target & effect

Answer 33

Source: -duodenum Stimulus: -increased [carbohydates] in chyme Target and Effect: - gastric smooth muscle, -contraction - pancreatic beta cells, +secretion - parietal cells; -sectretion - chief cells; -secretion

Question 34

CCK | source, stimulus, target & effect

Answer 34

Source: -jejunum Stimulus: -increased [carbohydrates] in chime Target and Effect: - gall bladder; +contraction - gastric smooth muscle; +contraction - parietal cells; -sectretion - chief cells; -secretion - sphincter of oddi; -contraction - pancreatic juice; +secretion